Empowering the blind
Technology can empower the blind to compete shoulder to shoulder with the rest of the world. Software developed for the blind can also potentially revolutionisethe use of technology across all sections of society
By Arun Mehta
The highlight of the December 2005 workshop on “ICT and Special Needs” organised by Pakistan Software Houses Association (PASHA) in Karachi, was a keynotepresentation by Shazia Hasan, a teacher at the Ida Rieu School for the deaf and blind, Karachi who showed how easily the blind can operate computers andwhat a difference it makes in their lives.
Before the invention of the digital computer, the written word was almost entirely inaccessible to the blind. Very little text has been available in theform of Braille and for everything else, they had to depend on someone reading out the text to them. Once it became possible to record and replay humanvoice, audio books provided some relief. But referring to these audio cassettes as books is over-ambitious as one cannot turn the pages, nor use the indexto locate any specific information.
The personal computer has dramatically narrowed the gap between the blind and the sighted. Text to speech software provided audio access to electronictext, but suffered from the same limitations as the audio book. It needed special software and a screen reader to make the computer genuinely accessibleto the blind.
To understand how a screen reader works, imagine sitting next to a blind person who is operating a computer keyboard. As windows open on the screen, youkeep telling them what is happening and what decisions they need to take. As they type or move the cursor, you keep prompting them. Your task, effectively,is automated by a screen reader.
Why is all this important for the sighted, beyond whatever social obligations they might feel for those less fortunate? There are several relevant applicationsof this technology. When you drive, for instance, you are effectively blind from the point of view of the on-board screen in the car, as one cannot belooking at it at all times. That is why, for instance, navigation software relies on voice replays. Therefore, in theory, the sighted could only use thecomputer when the car is stationary. Speech enabled software, which has been used in car navigation systems for quite sometime now, provides them withthe freedom to make calls, change music tracks or activate navigation without looking at or touching the screen.
Furthermore, roughly half the developing world is illiterate and lacks access to the written word. Software developed for the blind allows this sectionof society to use the computer and access the internet as well, which is an act of profound political importance.
So far, as illiteracy and poverty run rampant across most of the under-developed countries of the world, governments that constantly ignore the demandsof the people are less fearful of the consequences, as the people are unable to prevail upon them with considerable impact. Problems such as terrorism,retaliation based on ignorance and economic disparity that afflict the world today have taught us the importance of bringing the disempowered into themainstream. But how do we achieve that in a short period of time? In South Asia, where nearly a billion people are illiterate, we simply lack the resources,such as trained educators and established schools. The only way we can address this gigantic issue, is via distance learning, for which the illiteratemust be able to access computers. This can be made possible by incorporating software developed for the blind. The term “print disabled” aptly combinesthe blind and the illiterate into a common category – people who cannot read the printed word, but can understand the spoken.
The blind have been at the forefront of developing standards for making access to information easier. Since so-called audio books are inadequate, the blindhave consequently evolved the Daisy standard (Digitally Accessible Information System). In this system, text is synchronised with speech. If the user wishesto scroll or search, the computer uses the text to find the appropriate position and then plays the corresponding audio. The advantages of this systemclearly extend well beyond the needs of the blind.
Podcasting, for instance, is becoming increasingly popular, as the rest of us are discovering the need for scrolling and searching audio content. It wouldtherefore be extremely useful if the Daisy standard were to be used for features such as podcasting.
However, an even bigger advantage of Daisy could well be found in audio and video editing. In a typical situation, when someone conducts an interviews,they may end up with for instance, half an hour of recorded material, which needs to be edited down to approximately five minutes. It takes hours for aprofessional editor to do this, but by utilising Daisy, this could be done far more efficiently. The software could automatically detect pauses in thespeech, slice the audio at those places and play back the audio one slice at a time. A typist, who could even be blind, might hear the audio slice andtype in the corresponding text. The software would then synchronise the audio slice with the corresponding text and produce a Daisy book. For any of thetext that was thrown out or rearranged in the file, the computer would discard or rearrange the corresponding audio as well.
There would also be significant advantages if the blind were to adopt open-source software. The screen readers on proprietary software platforms use OpticalCharacter Recognition (OCR) techniques to decipher what other programs write on the screen, in order to be able to communicate this to a blind user. Thisfails when the software uses a very small font size. In the case of open source software, it would be much easier to simply make appropriate additionsto the code, so that when it communicates with the user via the screen, it does so using audio as well. When application software is written for the blindon a proprietary platform, one practically has to start from scratch. Alternatively, in the world of open source, there are plenty of existing startingpoints.
There are intriguing synergies possible between technology and persons of different kinds of disabilities. Imagine a blind person at a street corner, whowants to know where she is. She might click a snapshot in the direction she imagines the road signs to be and the phone automatically transmits the pictureto someone at a call center, possibly wheelchair bound, who then communicates with the blind person via the same phone telling her what the picture shows.This task can be automated as well.
Robotics offer another interesting possibility. A small robot could easily be built and instructed to follow a sighted person once for example, to thebathroom or dining hall and could then be used as a guide for blind people who could tell it where they wanted to go, with the robot producing a beep asit walked in the specified direction.
As we study the problem, we quickly realise that we have hardly scratched the surface with regard to providing the disabled with information technologyrelated products and services. Ideally, the best people to experiment with this technology would, of course, be the disabled themselves. They could betterconceptualise the required software and equipment as well as perform feasibility tests. The need, therefore, is for an IT training institute with a focuson persons with disabilities. The disabled need to take empowerment to a new level, one in which they take charge of technological development for theirown needs. And the products and services produced as a result will undoubtedly be of tremendous benefit to them as well as other sections of society acrossthe world.
email images/subscribeiconn images/polliconn
Top SPIDER2nd, Floor Haroon House, Dr. Ziauddin Ahmed Road, Karachi - 74200. PAKISTAN Ph: 111-444-777 Ext. 3377 © Copyright 1998 - 2006 editor@spider.tm advt@spider.tm
Monday, December 10, 2007
Friday, December 7, 2007
life story of a young blind boy!
Mr. Sulman’s life story
There come so many interesting or we may say the strange things in life which really turn the entire motion of man’s life. Some times, life, unexpectedly takes us to the path which we never ever think of or imagine to move on. More often than not, every thing goes in quite opposite direction than the one we desire. Perhaps, this shows the man’s weakness before nature and clearly speaks of his limitations. This also reminds us of God’s ever-lasting strength and power which gives an opportunity to the man to bring the element of modesty in him and feel down to earth all the time. For a good human being, its very essential to bow before the decisions of All Mighty for this is the true way to prove yourself His real believer. In this way, things become easier and one gets use to of all the happenings which have been written in his or her fate.
Early life:
My life, however, has also been very interesting and full of unusual accounts.
I was born in Sharaqpur Sharif, a town near Shaikhoopoora, which is considered to be one of the exciting places of Punjab and its about one hours drive away from Lahore. It was on 22 November 1983, when I entered this cruel world and started the first day of my life in this mortal land. My parents chose salman to be my name, which I like also! I had one elder brother at that time name Usman. It is mostly said by our parents and other elderly figures of our family that there was hell ofdifference in Usman’s and my attitude. My childhood was really a nasty one as I was really hard to control, whereas, Usman always was a kid of calmness and very jentle in behavior. I really gave tough time to my parents especially at the age of four or five and things became really difficult for them with my unstoppable mischiefs. However, I began my schooling in the same town and my school, centre Model, was considered to be the best in entire Sharaqpur! In that little age, I was really famous in my area for kite flying, playing cricket and many other thrilling sort of activities. I had little, and some times serious kind of wounds wile climbing over the walls or jumping from one place to an other and running after the kites etc. My biggest craze was flying kites and for that, I had to face the music before my mother. I even would be flying the kites in the hot afternoons of may and june which always caused so much anxiety for my parents. On the other hand, I was always among the shining children in my class, and till grade 3 I got first position which was a matter of joy for my family. The days, however, kept passing by till I was promoted in class four, but at the same time my father decided to shift to Lahore for he had already established his business over there! Till that time, I had two more brothers, Hassan and Soban.
Anyways, I was little sad to leave the streets where I spent the early days of my childhood and had unforgettable memories connected with those places. But nevertheless, it was also a matter of great excitement to be shifted to Lahore, a city where life never seems dull with its great hustle and bustle!
Entry in lahore:
It was the early days of 1994 when our new house in the area of gulshan ravi, welcomed us and life all together looked really wonderful and charming one. My father was running a marriage hall near by our home and was just 10 minutes walk away. I Got admission in Pak angel school in class five, not that far away from my residence which had a repute for being one of the best English Medium schools in the area.
Things were not easy for me initially, as it was really difficult to be adjusted in One of the good English medium School coming right from an orthodox kind of Urdu Medium school and that too in backward area. There was great difference in educational standard and I really had to go through some tough time. It took couple of months at least to become some what familiar to me and slowly and gradually I started feeling myself to be the part of that system in proper manner. Now every thing was looking to be in the best of shapes and I really felt good about most of the things till my vision began deteriorating and it brought the worse shock of my life. This unacceptable reality first dawned at me when I was attending the class in my school and suddenly couldn’t see clearly as to what my teacher had written on the Blackboard. At first, I didn’t really understand that what was going on and I was really confused about that. I quietly kept that secret unrevealed for one week or so, but then my English teacher called upon my mother in the school and explained my shocking eye-sight condition to her that I couldn’t see blackboard sitting behind and to take down the stuff I had to come right in front of it. It was really something of great pain for my mother to hear that. She straight away took me to the home and told my dad the entire situation. They both were mighty upset and got appointment from an Eye-specialist the very next day!
It became even worse for my parents to see the doctor, when he, after closely analyzing my eye-sight condition, revealed the fact that I had already lost the complete vision from the left eye. This really shattered my parents internally and my mother couldn’t help weeping bitterly at the spot. Though I was still able to see more than 50 percent from my right eye, but it also did not last too long. On Doctor’s query, my parents told him when I was 7 years old, I fell down stairs running hard after the ball. There were about 20 stairs and I got serious injury on my head, due to which, I lost my consciousness for about 6 hours. So that proved to be the reason, doctor clarified, that that injury had damaged the brain cells that generate light for eyes. I then, hardly missed any doctor in Pakistan and wasted more than one year in different treatments. My parents fought hard against my vision problem, but to no avail. Instead, I also lost the right eye vision in the span of 6 months, though not completely.
It was also planned to send me abroad for better treatment, but most of the doctors advised that there wasn’t a proper treatment of my problem at that time in abroad either.
Since then, I could just see 5 to 10 percent from my right eye, which at times proves pretty handy for some thing is better than nothing. My parents, undoubtedly, gave their best in order to find a solution and successful treatment for the recovery of my vision, but nothing could really improve. On the other hand, I started feeling myself quite used to of all the circumstances, and other than just a few initial days, , I never felt any regret nor lost my hope in life. Although, it was some thing really devastating for a child of 12 years after having seen all the world with his eyes, specially the one who always loved jumping, playing, running, going outside and lots of other energetic games, wasn’t really some thing easy for me to be bound and unmoved inside the home. but to be very honest, I wasn’t really shaken on this big loss of eye-sight. Just one thing, which always created a feeling of discomfort for me, and that was, whenever my mother wept bitterly on this sudden tragedy and felt great pain for that. Obviously she was never ready to receive such shock from fate and it really brought a great sorrow for her having found his shining son in such darkness in which he could no longer move!
It was the last month of 1995 perhaps, when one of my uncle advised my parents to send me to a typical Madrasa to become Hafizay Quran. My parents took his advice and I was sent to one of the Madrasa in my area, where I would go morning to after noon and began learning Quran By heart. I was really lucky enough to have already completed the Holy Quran reading with eyes when I still could see. I almost went there for about month or so, but couldn’t persist with that for the children behavior and that typical Qari system didn’t suit me that much. I then, preferred staying in home or just lived in my sweet nani’s place for at least couple of weeks in a month.
New life in blind schools:
At that stage, I didn’t have any concept regarding blind students education or their special system of learning in schools. That was the reason, that I smelled the end of my school period and it was really a matter of displeasure for me. But it wasn’t to be for too long, as my life was to move on, for God opens 100 other doors at the closing of just one!
It was in march 1996, when during the appointment with an other eye-specialist, we came to know that there are schools for special children as well and the doctor gave us the address of one of the blind education centre in the area of Johar town known to be Hajvairi Special Education Centre for the blind. My parents took me there for admission and I was accepted happily by the school principal. It was really unbelievable to see 50 60 blinds under one roof. My parents were taken a back and my mom started weeping to see that much number of blind children at one place. However, I joined the school and was really excited about that. Although, in the beginning I hated to learn Braille system, a language of dots, , through which blind students can read and write, but then it was the only source of learning for the study purpose. In just couple of months I became quite familiar with Braille and started reading Braille books. They adjusted me in class four which I really disliked, because I would have been in class 7at that time if I had not lost my vision. Somehow, i consented all that willingly and bent myself before the will of God for there is always reward for that. In the first couple of months things really looked strange to me, as I, in my life never had thought of such an atmosphere and unusual way of life. This, however, took not that much time me to take up the challenges and start accepting things gladly, for that was now my own world. A world, where I had to start an other journey of my life. A world, which was now deeply associated with me and the world, which, perhaps would be there with me till my last breath!
Anyhow, I was happy with every thing and spent just over one year there. During that period I made very good blind friends and really enjoyed the every bit of that time. We were all very naughty and gave our teachers a tough time. One of the friend masood is still one of my best friend even after 10 years and we have unforgettable memories over the last one decade!
I then, got admission in an other blind institution , Aziz Jahan Baigum Trust for the blind, AJB school! Let me tell u honestly that this was the turning point in my life which proved to be of great value for me and contributed a lot wherever I stand today. I can challenge it openly that AJB is thee best blind school in entire Punjab which aims at providing the best education with modern facilities to the blind children. I’m not saying this because of the fact that I’ve done my matriculation from the same institute, but it really is well ahead and better in many regards than all other government schools in Punjab, where the education standard is just next to nothing!
When I joined AJB, they right away promoted me in class 7 after taking my test. I really loved the environment over there and staff was just awesome including my sweet teacher, Mis Gallei More, who was our Braille teacher and really helped us a lot in learning English language. She was also my favourit teacher, for she was a very fit Gori!... She had come from Australia on the behalf of one organization to teach and help blind kids here in Pakistan. My four years at AJB were just the golden period for me and I could never forget the great moments of my life which I spent over there. It is a co-education institute and students are given many opportunities to polish themselves up and get the maximum advantage in order to gain great confidence in life. This institute, however, is also responsible for introducing so many things for blind and created history in several cases. For instance, it was due to AJB that now blind students in Punjab have this permission to take their exams in Braille. I was in the second batch of students of AJB, who took their exams of matriculation in Braille through Lahore board of Education. We were also first students in blind history in Punjab who selected computer science as one of our main subject in our matric and I was thee most successful in that by scoring 83 percent marks in this subject!
I again had so many special friends from AJB and still now, we are in connection with one an other. My other nice friends and class fellows are, ruksaana, hina and imran! Other than them, I also happened to have some extra special persons in my life through AJB, Who I thought to be most important for myself and never imagined to live without them.
Anyways, but its all the game of luck, u lose some and u get some, so life keeps going on and on leaving your past far behind!
AJB also played a vital role in strengthening my Mobility, and since that time, i’m able to go anywhere in the country. Whenever I need to go out of city, like pindi, Islamabad faislabaad etc, where I have number of friends, I just go alone with the help of my white cane. And yes, how can I forget my best friend, my companion and my great guide, its none other, but my white cane!
I’ve also composed a beautiful melodious song on my white cane and its theme is the importance and value of cane for blind as there is no pain with cane!
I’ve always been very much fond of music, poetry, reading fictional books, that is, Urdu and English.
One more thing, which I haven’t mentioned yet is, I’m very good keyboard player. Yes, playing piano is some thing which is deeply connected with my soul since my school time and I love it so much. I’ve also made some good compositions on my piano and like them as well. I love to write things, weather that is urdu poetry, including Nazam Ghazal or any general piece of fiction which some times comes out right from the depth of my heart. I wrote my first Ghazal for some one very special, when I was in class 9 and its first two ashar were these;
Piar kay naghmay sunanay walay sada khush raho,
Mairi zindigi sajanay walay sada khush raho.
Tairay hi dum say hay gulshan ke bahaar,
Har soo deep jalanay walay sada khush raho!
I don’t right poetry quite regularly, but whenever some thing very special happens, or some sadness knocks upon the heart door, I, unconsciously start converting my feelings in to chain of words.
My college life:
After completing my matriculation with first division, I was fortunate enough to get admission in Government College Lahore GC, which is, undoubtedly, a best college in entire Punjab. It was in 2001 when I joined my first-year classes. I chose computer sciences for my Inter courses. Thus, I was the first blind in Punjab to be given this opportunity for the first time. I was happy to be considered myself for being a part of great GC, but the early days at college proved really frustrated ones as it was very much obsessing in many ways. One of the major difficulty that I had to face was a mobility problem during those initial days. This is the one area for blind fellows where they have to struggle a great deal, whenever they have to visit some new place. I still have the fresh memories of my first day at college which proved to be a shaky one and brought a deep mental distraction for me. I was highly confident to go myself to college from the very first day, perhaps that was the reason that I denied my brother’s help to go with me even despite my father’s concerns. But when I got out of the College bus,I then realised I had forgotten to bring my white cane with me. That was really a nervous moment as I did not have any clue about the college location etc. I, however, mustered up some courage in me and began moving on the campus track. I had hardly taken a few steps when got hit with some bench and felt great pain in my knee. But I quickly recovered the situation and moved further showing no signs of pain. After I took a few more quick yards, even more embarrassing thing happened.
Actually when I took turn to my lef,I couldn’t stop myself hitting my shoulder with a girl. She suddenly became so furious and charged up that right away she blessed me with a sweet slap on my face before I gave her the justification for my being impeccable. She wasn’t even ready to hear a single word from me and said repeatedly,
“o tum andhay ho tum ko nazar nahi aata”?”
”are u blind, can’t u see?”
In the mean while, some young guies also gathered there to show themselves to be great hero to protect their charming heroine. That really added some fuel to my miserable situation and I thought that i would soon be hanged on my very first day at campus. First they all assumed that I was telling a lie about my blindness, but when I, out of anger, started screaming madly and showed them all my braille notes, then they all came to realise about my bitter reality. The same girl, then, was really ashamed for her hasty behaviour and felt great regret for that. Nevertheless, it also proved fruitful for me in a way, that she, as a guide, remained whole of the day with me in the campus!
This, however, is amatter of great hindrance for the blind people that when they go to some new places, colleges, buildings etc, they face this problem very often. I personally feel that in a situation like this, there should be arrangements for blind people to get them completely familiar with the surroundings and environment before they joining such places. In this way, we can move freely right from the first day at new place without any guidance.
Also, there should be properly set up paths and tracks for visually impaired people and all structure of the building etc should be designed keeping in view the accessibility issues of blind.
Anyways, there is still a long way to go and countless things to be done in order to make life easier for blind in pakistan.
I then, had so many problems regarding my I.C.S, “inter in computer sciences” as for the blind students, there were no sufficient arrangements in the computer labs etc. Secondly, it wasn’t really a smooth task to deal with mathematics and stats also, for no sighted teacher knows the methods to teach these subjects to the blind students. But I was really lucky to have the guidance of one blind teacher Mr. Purvaze, who’d been teaching us in A J B as well. I had to work extremely hard and gave my all to manage with these tough subjects. Although, there had been number of serious problem during my I.C.S, but by the grace of Allah Almighty, I completed my I.C.S successfully obtaining very good marks. The computer science, however, was one big challenge as there wasn’t any special assistance in the practical lab for blind learners, but somehow, I, with the help of one kind sighted teacher controled most of the task. And that enabled me at least getting the passing marks in practical paper. I also joined couple of societies during my first-year at college, so when I was in second-year, I did participate in All Punjab Colleges Music Conference representing GC musical society and won price for the second position in Foke songs competition. This Musical event takes place once a year at Jinah Garden lahore. That was one of the biggest moment of my life as I was highly appreciated by a huge gathering of about 10000 people. In the very same show, my blind friend Ramzan, who was also from GC won gold medal for classical Tabla performance. After that we, the blind fellows, established our own musical band and named it VRP “voice of real people”. We were five guies at the start, but, soon after a blind girl Farhat, who is very nice singer, also joined our group. Thus, we were blessed with at least one girl in our group!
The best singer in our group is Tariq bhai and he is greatly gifted with extraordinary voice. He, basically is a Ghazal Singer but nonetheless, he is best at other lite and soft musical items as well. Masood, who is my very good friend,works as a drummer and also deals with the sound system and other technical stuff. Ramzan performs as a Tabla player and entertains the audience with his magical finger movements on Tabla!
Shazaib is an other enthusiastic singer who mostly sings the pop songs and other thrilling numbers. Farhat can also sing almost all sort of musical items with her charming and melodious voice. Last but not the least, this silly Salman gives his services on Electric keyboard or piano Etc. For about couple of years, we really kept ourselves busy in this activity by participating in different concerts etc. We also performed on several wedding functions and gained so much appreciation.
Many a time, we were promised to be sponsored for making our audio elbum by many big stage fishes, but all that proved to be false encouragements and political statements.
Farhat has departed our band last year due to some family reasons and we guies too doing no more regular shows for the last 6 months or so.
During all this period, my stay at GCU again has been really wonderful and progressive one also!
Yes I’m saying full of progress, for I’ve done my graduation in 2005 getting 76 percent marks. That was really a great and shining moment of my life when I got my result and had the gratification of becoming a successful Ravian Graduate. These two years, 2003 to 2005 was really a time of some great pleasure and big fun at campus!
I wasn’t really fortunate enough to have the company of sincere and nice friends during my first two years at GC and that was the reason I never felt myself to be comfortable in the campus with no friends around. Whereas, the time during my Third-year and fourth-year really brought so much enjoyable moments and unforgetable company of some precious fellows. Yes, right from the first day of my third-year at campus, I met with one of my class fellow Ali, who is still my best sighted friend. It was just due to this guy Ali that my two years at GC fluttered away in no time and I, like many of other naughty students, immensely enjoyed my time!
Ali never left me alone at the campus and we often bunked classes and spent our time in all sorts of stupid activities etc. While I’m writing all this, my mind is just reliving all those golden glimpses which always remain fresh on my memory island!
There were couple of other guies too, including Sajjad and Zohaib, who are nice friends too, but no one could fill into Ali’s shoes, for he is very caring and never makes me feel about my blindness. We both are quite similar in many regards, E.G. He has great interest in music and same have I, he has poetic germs and I try too, he loves to go to some romantic places and same do I,, He is unsuccessful lover and perhaps I have failure in this department as well!
We never hide any of our secret and share every thing with each other. Whenever, I’m blue or down for any of the reasons, he is always there for me, when same thing happens with him, I try my best to take him out of that situation. We both hated studding all the time and only showed our devotion and determination when exams would be at our head. Even then, we both scored more than 75 percent marks in graduation. We always had a combined-studies and whenever any one of us would be absent, it was really hard to open a book for the other. Ali, unfortunately, couldn’t continue his education after graduation, though he did get admission in GC for his masters, but for some personal reasons he gave up and established his computer business. We are no longer together in GC now, but that hasn’t really made any difference to our passionate friendship and still we spend most of our weekend time together.
For my master program in Government College University GCU, I preferred English Literature, for the subjects variety is limited in GC as compared to Punjab University. My interest, however, was more in mass communication and I did get admission for that in Punjab University, but I loved staying in GCU as the staff and atmosphere here is just up to my likings. Secondly, there are hardly any facilities for the blind in punjab university, also the visually impaired students get discouraged by the staff many a time, instead being assisted with required solutions to their problems. On the other hand, GCU has more to offer to the special students with things really getting in better shapes in recent times. I do consider myself a mighty lucky to be able to bring some useful changes in the campus by taking initiative in some of the aspects concerning with visually handicaps. I, for instance, introduced the new and handy method of taking exams via computer which proved a great sighof relief for me and now my junior blind students are also trying to adopt the same method to minimize their troubles related with critical issues of taking exams. This has always been one area where blind students mostly struggle whenever it comes to go through this hectic exam procedures. The basic reason behind this all is, that in pakistan , most of the blind students take their papers with the help of writers. So When their exams are at head, they usually find it extremely hard searching for the appropriate writers who are to be one class lower than the candidate. In this way, many students are unable to appear in the exams due to inaccessibility of a writer which at times costs them a great failure. On the other hand, the braille method for taking exams does not prove to be very useful either, as the colleges/universities show their laziness in order to get braille papers transcribed in time. Sometimes, they don’t find proper braille teachers for this job and many times they even forget this task to be done to create more frustrations for blind students. Thus, when overall result is declared, blind student finds that his marksheet is still in pending list for the fact that no one from the examination staff has paid any damn heat to send the papers for the conversion process. So when a blind student has to apply for the next class admission, he, the poor, still keeps hanging on waiting list for his results which is really terrible thing to face. The very same thing happened to me when I had to apply for my graduation addmission in GCU and due to my pending result, I was just on the urge of losing this opportunity to become a Ravian graduate. Infact, if I had not been a part of GCU for my I.C.S, I would have been easily denied the admission due to very late result.
This is why, I reckon this computer method for exams a most suitable one for blind students particularly at college/university level. By adopting this method, visually impaired students do not have to depend on anyone to serve as a writer, neither there is any need for the braille papers to be transcribed etc, Until now, two of my junior college fellows have also had their exams via computer and are pretty confident and glad about that, for they didn’t have to wait too long for their result, nor there was any need to hire a writer. I know this is not easy for every single blind to start taking exams via computer right away, but sooner or later, they have to be completely familiar with computer and adopt this method for their comfort. For this purpose, we have now a separate section computer lab in GCU where blind students could go any time to increase their computer skills and to be benefitted educationally. I also love to guide and help my juniors in this area and stress the importance of computer for their education purposes. Though I’m still learning so many thing myself, but nevertheless, I mostly depend on computer for my study courses and heavily rely on electronic-texts. To be honest enough, I openly admit this computer to be an essential part of my life not only for study help, but I’m also crazy about internet and keep myself busy in cyberspace world. I’ve been using this awesome medium for the last three four years and gained so much knowledge through this. Other than learning number of things through internet, I also have had great friends from different corners of the world and now they are deeply attached to my life, for these emotional connections mean a lot to me. On the other side of the picture, this has also caused me a great discomfort and a state of melancholy on number of occasions for some certain reasons. Many people take these formal connections to be for granted and suspect them to be not that much important for them. But in my case, things are quite opposite, as I do pay deep regard to these timely links and all of the sudden these become very precious to me and hard to live without. I might somewhat be detached or careless at times, but it never loses the worth of these emotional relations in my true heart. As a matter of fact,if I, at any stage of my life, get separated from any of my friend for any reasons, I always feel dejection and sorrow for that. Also, I give my best to keep things transparent and quite clear in friendships etc, so that no misunderstanding could take plase and things remain uncomplicated and unsophisticated. I simply hate those people who, without investigating or knowing the true reality about anyone or anything, start having their ears to false stories and untrue facts merely to destroy their relationship or friendships etc. I never intend to praise myself for any thing, but it has certainly been in my nature not to go for any obnoxious rumour, nor I believe any thing till I get my satisfaction by knowing the reality to its fullest.
My general activities and interests!
Well you might be having a better clue already about my interests by reading all silly descriptions regarding my personality, that I’ve so far written. But to give a rather detailed touch,I would add some more to make things even clear!
As I’m very sentimental sort of guy, my being so much interested in poetry is some thing natural. That is why, I occasionally write Urdu poetry too, especially when its raining and the whole atmosphere becomes all together a romantic one and nature speaks all around me!
I’ve been doing this emotional activity since my school days, but the real boostup came when I was in second-year at my College with my love story at its peak!
I don’t know whether I should speak of these thing in this life-description of mine or not, but then, if nothing remains hidden from Allah, then whats the point of hiding something from this bloody world. Though, I can’t disclose these sensative matters with so much detail, for it has to do much with the concerns of other party.
Anyways, as i was mentioning that from my second-year at GC onwards I did lots of poetry as I was having some mad moments of my life. Yes, I’m saying them mad for their proving mighty devastating for me. These moments, however, turned me totally mad lover and with my being blind,u could better imagine about a blind love!
“yes aik andha piar”
It wasn’t really a matter of one-sided story,but other party too was burning with love flames.
“je han, donoo taraf thi aag baraber lagi hoi”
perhaps, now I’ve enter a craziest part of my life-story, but its not my headache, for I’ve started sharing these matters unconsciously and you need to show some patience in order to digest all this without really laughing at my funny yet merciful love chapter. It was just a beginning of 2003 when this girl came in my life and soon after, we both became very important for each other. At first, I thought this to be perhaps a timely crush, as I had already experienced a little bit like that during school days when I was in class 10. But on a serious note, it wasn’t some thing like that, therefore, it kept flourishing with every passing day to make life beautiful for both of us!
With every passing second, we became nearer and nearer and felt our souls to be connected tightly with each other. She was so kind and loving to me and never ever felt about my blindness. We were deeply involved in each other that we couldn’t help talking on phone the whole nights. Infact,whenever there was a time that we couldn’t talk for a day or two, the life really seemed to be meaningless and full of darkness. Anyways, I better sum up this foolish chapter, as it gives me pain even to relive those dismal memories which I’ve buried far behind in my past graveyard. All the same, after two years of mad love and golden moments that we both had shared, suddenly a terrible and destructive storm hit our love-garden and tore our souls apart. Actually, when our love chronicle was dawned upon her family members, they became extremely enraged and restricted all ways of communications between both of us. Her sister, however, was the only one, who was in our favor and she also helped for some time by making us communicate through her mobile phone.
Those critical days were really hard and gloomy by all means. The basic reason of her family members being so cruel and harsh was not just that she was in mad love with me, but my blindness which they were never ready to accept. On this painful attitude of her family, she became mighty shaken both mentally as well as physically. Thus, She got hospitalised for a week or so and because of her critical condition, her mother allowed her to contact me temporarily. On the other hand, when I smelled our future to be an abortive one, I became internally dead and left my home for some days, because my family was greatly worried on my miserable state. I could never forget those five or 6 days of my life, when I left home and spent my time on footpaths, public parks etc. I even tried to take my life away by committing suicide but then felt for my parents. I love my mother dearly, that was the reason that I had to returned to home,for my parents were helpless and splintered because of my abnormal attitude. Although, my life seemed to be ending without her presence around, but I promised to myself not to take any rash step as I needed to live for my parents who love me more than anyone else in this universe. Then, after some days she managed to call me somehow and ensured me that she still loved me and all we needed to do was just to wait for a right time before going for any bold decision. In this way, a few days later, she decided to go for court marriage, as it was the only option she had. AT first, I felt glad, for I was to get her forever by all means, but after closely analysing the situation, things really looked ominous to me. I kept pressurising her to convince her family as that was the only respectable way of getting her.
It was the month of june 2004 while I was having summer vocationsafter my third-year at college and she was just free from her graduation, when we both decided for Court marriage later in september. Fortunately, we had a period of about three months to be able to think on certain issues and the consequences of our audacious action which we both were committed to conduct later sometime. In the mean time, I discussed about our plan with my best friend Ali and Tariq bhai and they were kind enough to show me the right path and stop me from going into such hasty decision which could have proved desolating one particularly for her family. This was a time of real test for me, as I had to come up with some thing very sensible, at the sametime, I never wanted to consider my life to be without her either. On the other hand, her mother became very ill as she was heart patient too, so this factor also shattered our determination as we never wanted to give her such a shock, keeping in mind her critical condition. Finally, after going through countless confounding moments, we eventually concluded to give up our idea of court marriage prefering her mother’s gratification. When her mother gained some health recovery, we again thought to try our luck once again by convincing her for our relationship, But that too proved useless, for she was determined enough for separating us and to see the end of our brainsick love. We both were quite desperate for each other, but found no way to come out of that confined destiny. At last, there came a time when she wasn’t able to carry on with our correspondence and our so called passionate love-story reached to its conclusion. Her last E-mail was clearly full of tears and I felt her each painful word that she was compelled to write to me.
In that mail she at last admitted to surrender to her family and being a typical eastern soul, it was for certain to bow before her parents.
Thus, the major cause of our detachment was nothing else but my blindness, some thing which I could not help.
Was it really my fault to become blind?
Did I do this bloody harm to myself?
I was merely rejected for some thing which I wasn’t responsible for?
Was that really equitable to me by the cruel nature?
Why I had to sow such an outcome which I never reaped myself?
Why we, at times, become so much helpless that we have no option but to suffer greatly and that too without any fault?
Why did this world punish me for some bloody deed that I never committed by my own hands?
Why does God give some physical deficiency, only to be ignored and rejected by the society?,
Why do people take some impairment to be curse on them and feel themselves superior to that?
These were some of the questions that kept chasing my mind after that unrecoverable loss of my life. I had never felt ruefulness for my blindness, but this was for the very first time in my life when my blindness seemed to me a greatest source of defeat. I really wanted to kill myself as I was just unable to get my first love because of my blindness. Anyhow, one thing is for sure, that life goes on and on even after the departure of some one very important. Though at first life seems to be offering nothing much to live with, but certainly the journey never stops, for it still has some thing to offer later at some point!
“kut hee gai judai bhee kab yeh huwa kay mar gay,
tairay bhee din guzar gay mairay bhee din guzar gay”
yess, this is the bitter reality of life, u lose some and get some in return!
Ok now ending this darkening love subject and you better forget it too as quickly as possible!
Presently, I’m very much contented with most of the things in life and try to spend eachmoment with great sprightliness., though, every now and again, those love memories knock upon the heart door but I don’t allow them to capture my soul.
There come so many interesting or we may say the strange things in life which really turn the entire motion of man’s life. Some times, life, unexpectedly takes us to the path which we never ever think of or imagine to move on. More often than not, every thing goes in quite opposite direction than the one we desire. Perhaps, this shows the man’s weakness before nature and clearly speaks of his limitations. This also reminds us of God’s ever-lasting strength and power which gives an opportunity to the man to bring the element of modesty in him and feel down to earth all the time. For a good human being, its very essential to bow before the decisions of All Mighty for this is the true way to prove yourself His real believer. In this way, things become easier and one gets use to of all the happenings which have been written in his or her fate.
Early life:
My life, however, has also been very interesting and full of unusual accounts.
I was born in Sharaqpur Sharif, a town near Shaikhoopoora, which is considered to be one of the exciting places of Punjab and its about one hours drive away from Lahore. It was on 22 November 1983, when I entered this cruel world and started the first day of my life in this mortal land. My parents chose salman to be my name, which I like also! I had one elder brother at that time name Usman. It is mostly said by our parents and other elderly figures of our family that there was hell ofdifference in Usman’s and my attitude. My childhood was really a nasty one as I was really hard to control, whereas, Usman always was a kid of calmness and very jentle in behavior. I really gave tough time to my parents especially at the age of four or five and things became really difficult for them with my unstoppable mischiefs. However, I began my schooling in the same town and my school, centre Model, was considered to be the best in entire Sharaqpur! In that little age, I was really famous in my area for kite flying, playing cricket and many other thrilling sort of activities. I had little, and some times serious kind of wounds wile climbing over the walls or jumping from one place to an other and running after the kites etc. My biggest craze was flying kites and for that, I had to face the music before my mother. I even would be flying the kites in the hot afternoons of may and june which always caused so much anxiety for my parents. On the other hand, I was always among the shining children in my class, and till grade 3 I got first position which was a matter of joy for my family. The days, however, kept passing by till I was promoted in class four, but at the same time my father decided to shift to Lahore for he had already established his business over there! Till that time, I had two more brothers, Hassan and Soban.
Anyways, I was little sad to leave the streets where I spent the early days of my childhood and had unforgettable memories connected with those places. But nevertheless, it was also a matter of great excitement to be shifted to Lahore, a city where life never seems dull with its great hustle and bustle!
Entry in lahore:
It was the early days of 1994 when our new house in the area of gulshan ravi, welcomed us and life all together looked really wonderful and charming one. My father was running a marriage hall near by our home and was just 10 minutes walk away. I Got admission in Pak angel school in class five, not that far away from my residence which had a repute for being one of the best English Medium schools in the area.
Things were not easy for me initially, as it was really difficult to be adjusted in One of the good English medium School coming right from an orthodox kind of Urdu Medium school and that too in backward area. There was great difference in educational standard and I really had to go through some tough time. It took couple of months at least to become some what familiar to me and slowly and gradually I started feeling myself to be the part of that system in proper manner. Now every thing was looking to be in the best of shapes and I really felt good about most of the things till my vision began deteriorating and it brought the worse shock of my life. This unacceptable reality first dawned at me when I was attending the class in my school and suddenly couldn’t see clearly as to what my teacher had written on the Blackboard. At first, I didn’t really understand that what was going on and I was really confused about that. I quietly kept that secret unrevealed for one week or so, but then my English teacher called upon my mother in the school and explained my shocking eye-sight condition to her that I couldn’t see blackboard sitting behind and to take down the stuff I had to come right in front of it. It was really something of great pain for my mother to hear that. She straight away took me to the home and told my dad the entire situation. They both were mighty upset and got appointment from an Eye-specialist the very next day!
It became even worse for my parents to see the doctor, when he, after closely analyzing my eye-sight condition, revealed the fact that I had already lost the complete vision from the left eye. This really shattered my parents internally and my mother couldn’t help weeping bitterly at the spot. Though I was still able to see more than 50 percent from my right eye, but it also did not last too long. On Doctor’s query, my parents told him when I was 7 years old, I fell down stairs running hard after the ball. There were about 20 stairs and I got serious injury on my head, due to which, I lost my consciousness for about 6 hours. So that proved to be the reason, doctor clarified, that that injury had damaged the brain cells that generate light for eyes. I then, hardly missed any doctor in Pakistan and wasted more than one year in different treatments. My parents fought hard against my vision problem, but to no avail. Instead, I also lost the right eye vision in the span of 6 months, though not completely.
It was also planned to send me abroad for better treatment, but most of the doctors advised that there wasn’t a proper treatment of my problem at that time in abroad either.
Since then, I could just see 5 to 10 percent from my right eye, which at times proves pretty handy for some thing is better than nothing. My parents, undoubtedly, gave their best in order to find a solution and successful treatment for the recovery of my vision, but nothing could really improve. On the other hand, I started feeling myself quite used to of all the circumstances, and other than just a few initial days, , I never felt any regret nor lost my hope in life. Although, it was some thing really devastating for a child of 12 years after having seen all the world with his eyes, specially the one who always loved jumping, playing, running, going outside and lots of other energetic games, wasn’t really some thing easy for me to be bound and unmoved inside the home. but to be very honest, I wasn’t really shaken on this big loss of eye-sight. Just one thing, which always created a feeling of discomfort for me, and that was, whenever my mother wept bitterly on this sudden tragedy and felt great pain for that. Obviously she was never ready to receive such shock from fate and it really brought a great sorrow for her having found his shining son in such darkness in which he could no longer move!
It was the last month of 1995 perhaps, when one of my uncle advised my parents to send me to a typical Madrasa to become Hafizay Quran. My parents took his advice and I was sent to one of the Madrasa in my area, where I would go morning to after noon and began learning Quran By heart. I was really lucky enough to have already completed the Holy Quran reading with eyes when I still could see. I almost went there for about month or so, but couldn’t persist with that for the children behavior and that typical Qari system didn’t suit me that much. I then, preferred staying in home or just lived in my sweet nani’s place for at least couple of weeks in a month.
New life in blind schools:
At that stage, I didn’t have any concept regarding blind students education or their special system of learning in schools. That was the reason, that I smelled the end of my school period and it was really a matter of displeasure for me. But it wasn’t to be for too long, as my life was to move on, for God opens 100 other doors at the closing of just one!
It was in march 1996, when during the appointment with an other eye-specialist, we came to know that there are schools for special children as well and the doctor gave us the address of one of the blind education centre in the area of Johar town known to be Hajvairi Special Education Centre for the blind. My parents took me there for admission and I was accepted happily by the school principal. It was really unbelievable to see 50 60 blinds under one roof. My parents were taken a back and my mom started weeping to see that much number of blind children at one place. However, I joined the school and was really excited about that. Although, in the beginning I hated to learn Braille system, a language of dots, , through which blind students can read and write, but then it was the only source of learning for the study purpose. In just couple of months I became quite familiar with Braille and started reading Braille books. They adjusted me in class four which I really disliked, because I would have been in class 7at that time if I had not lost my vision. Somehow, i consented all that willingly and bent myself before the will of God for there is always reward for that. In the first couple of months things really looked strange to me, as I, in my life never had thought of such an atmosphere and unusual way of life. This, however, took not that much time me to take up the challenges and start accepting things gladly, for that was now my own world. A world, where I had to start an other journey of my life. A world, which was now deeply associated with me and the world, which, perhaps would be there with me till my last breath!
Anyhow, I was happy with every thing and spent just over one year there. During that period I made very good blind friends and really enjoyed the every bit of that time. We were all very naughty and gave our teachers a tough time. One of the friend masood is still one of my best friend even after 10 years and we have unforgettable memories over the last one decade!
I then, got admission in an other blind institution , Aziz Jahan Baigum Trust for the blind, AJB school! Let me tell u honestly that this was the turning point in my life which proved to be of great value for me and contributed a lot wherever I stand today. I can challenge it openly that AJB is thee best blind school in entire Punjab which aims at providing the best education with modern facilities to the blind children. I’m not saying this because of the fact that I’ve done my matriculation from the same institute, but it really is well ahead and better in many regards than all other government schools in Punjab, where the education standard is just next to nothing!
When I joined AJB, they right away promoted me in class 7 after taking my test. I really loved the environment over there and staff was just awesome including my sweet teacher, Mis Gallei More, who was our Braille teacher and really helped us a lot in learning English language. She was also my favourit teacher, for she was a very fit Gori!... She had come from Australia on the behalf of one organization to teach and help blind kids here in Pakistan. My four years at AJB were just the golden period for me and I could never forget the great moments of my life which I spent over there. It is a co-education institute and students are given many opportunities to polish themselves up and get the maximum advantage in order to gain great confidence in life. This institute, however, is also responsible for introducing so many things for blind and created history in several cases. For instance, it was due to AJB that now blind students in Punjab have this permission to take their exams in Braille. I was in the second batch of students of AJB, who took their exams of matriculation in Braille through Lahore board of Education. We were also first students in blind history in Punjab who selected computer science as one of our main subject in our matric and I was thee most successful in that by scoring 83 percent marks in this subject!
I again had so many special friends from AJB and still now, we are in connection with one an other. My other nice friends and class fellows are, ruksaana, hina and imran! Other than them, I also happened to have some extra special persons in my life through AJB, Who I thought to be most important for myself and never imagined to live without them.
Anyways, but its all the game of luck, u lose some and u get some, so life keeps going on and on leaving your past far behind!
AJB also played a vital role in strengthening my Mobility, and since that time, i’m able to go anywhere in the country. Whenever I need to go out of city, like pindi, Islamabad faislabaad etc, where I have number of friends, I just go alone with the help of my white cane. And yes, how can I forget my best friend, my companion and my great guide, its none other, but my white cane!
I’ve also composed a beautiful melodious song on my white cane and its theme is the importance and value of cane for blind as there is no pain with cane!
I’ve always been very much fond of music, poetry, reading fictional books, that is, Urdu and English.
One more thing, which I haven’t mentioned yet is, I’m very good keyboard player. Yes, playing piano is some thing which is deeply connected with my soul since my school time and I love it so much. I’ve also made some good compositions on my piano and like them as well. I love to write things, weather that is urdu poetry, including Nazam Ghazal or any general piece of fiction which some times comes out right from the depth of my heart. I wrote my first Ghazal for some one very special, when I was in class 9 and its first two ashar were these;
Piar kay naghmay sunanay walay sada khush raho,
Mairi zindigi sajanay walay sada khush raho.
Tairay hi dum say hay gulshan ke bahaar,
Har soo deep jalanay walay sada khush raho!
I don’t right poetry quite regularly, but whenever some thing very special happens, or some sadness knocks upon the heart door, I, unconsciously start converting my feelings in to chain of words.
My college life:
After completing my matriculation with first division, I was fortunate enough to get admission in Government College Lahore GC, which is, undoubtedly, a best college in entire Punjab. It was in 2001 when I joined my first-year classes. I chose computer sciences for my Inter courses. Thus, I was the first blind in Punjab to be given this opportunity for the first time. I was happy to be considered myself for being a part of great GC, but the early days at college proved really frustrated ones as it was very much obsessing in many ways. One of the major difficulty that I had to face was a mobility problem during those initial days. This is the one area for blind fellows where they have to struggle a great deal, whenever they have to visit some new place. I still have the fresh memories of my first day at college which proved to be a shaky one and brought a deep mental distraction for me. I was highly confident to go myself to college from the very first day, perhaps that was the reason that I denied my brother’s help to go with me even despite my father’s concerns. But when I got out of the College bus,I then realised I had forgotten to bring my white cane with me. That was really a nervous moment as I did not have any clue about the college location etc. I, however, mustered up some courage in me and began moving on the campus track. I had hardly taken a few steps when got hit with some bench and felt great pain in my knee. But I quickly recovered the situation and moved further showing no signs of pain. After I took a few more quick yards, even more embarrassing thing happened.
Actually when I took turn to my lef,I couldn’t stop myself hitting my shoulder with a girl. She suddenly became so furious and charged up that right away she blessed me with a sweet slap on my face before I gave her the justification for my being impeccable. She wasn’t even ready to hear a single word from me and said repeatedly,
“o tum andhay ho tum ko nazar nahi aata”?”
”are u blind, can’t u see?”
In the mean while, some young guies also gathered there to show themselves to be great hero to protect their charming heroine. That really added some fuel to my miserable situation and I thought that i would soon be hanged on my very first day at campus. First they all assumed that I was telling a lie about my blindness, but when I, out of anger, started screaming madly and showed them all my braille notes, then they all came to realise about my bitter reality. The same girl, then, was really ashamed for her hasty behaviour and felt great regret for that. Nevertheless, it also proved fruitful for me in a way, that she, as a guide, remained whole of the day with me in the campus!
This, however, is amatter of great hindrance for the blind people that when they go to some new places, colleges, buildings etc, they face this problem very often. I personally feel that in a situation like this, there should be arrangements for blind people to get them completely familiar with the surroundings and environment before they joining such places. In this way, we can move freely right from the first day at new place without any guidance.
Also, there should be properly set up paths and tracks for visually impaired people and all structure of the building etc should be designed keeping in view the accessibility issues of blind.
Anyways, there is still a long way to go and countless things to be done in order to make life easier for blind in pakistan.
I then, had so many problems regarding my I.C.S, “inter in computer sciences” as for the blind students, there were no sufficient arrangements in the computer labs etc. Secondly, it wasn’t really a smooth task to deal with mathematics and stats also, for no sighted teacher knows the methods to teach these subjects to the blind students. But I was really lucky to have the guidance of one blind teacher Mr. Purvaze, who’d been teaching us in A J B as well. I had to work extremely hard and gave my all to manage with these tough subjects. Although, there had been number of serious problem during my I.C.S, but by the grace of Allah Almighty, I completed my I.C.S successfully obtaining very good marks. The computer science, however, was one big challenge as there wasn’t any special assistance in the practical lab for blind learners, but somehow, I, with the help of one kind sighted teacher controled most of the task. And that enabled me at least getting the passing marks in practical paper. I also joined couple of societies during my first-year at college, so when I was in second-year, I did participate in All Punjab Colleges Music Conference representing GC musical society and won price for the second position in Foke songs competition. This Musical event takes place once a year at Jinah Garden lahore. That was one of the biggest moment of my life as I was highly appreciated by a huge gathering of about 10000 people. In the very same show, my blind friend Ramzan, who was also from GC won gold medal for classical Tabla performance. After that we, the blind fellows, established our own musical band and named it VRP “voice of real people”. We were five guies at the start, but, soon after a blind girl Farhat, who is very nice singer, also joined our group. Thus, we were blessed with at least one girl in our group!
The best singer in our group is Tariq bhai and he is greatly gifted with extraordinary voice. He, basically is a Ghazal Singer but nonetheless, he is best at other lite and soft musical items as well. Masood, who is my very good friend,works as a drummer and also deals with the sound system and other technical stuff. Ramzan performs as a Tabla player and entertains the audience with his magical finger movements on Tabla!
Shazaib is an other enthusiastic singer who mostly sings the pop songs and other thrilling numbers. Farhat can also sing almost all sort of musical items with her charming and melodious voice. Last but not the least, this silly Salman gives his services on Electric keyboard or piano Etc. For about couple of years, we really kept ourselves busy in this activity by participating in different concerts etc. We also performed on several wedding functions and gained so much appreciation.
Many a time, we were promised to be sponsored for making our audio elbum by many big stage fishes, but all that proved to be false encouragements and political statements.
Farhat has departed our band last year due to some family reasons and we guies too doing no more regular shows for the last 6 months or so.
During all this period, my stay at GCU again has been really wonderful and progressive one also!
Yes I’m saying full of progress, for I’ve done my graduation in 2005 getting 76 percent marks. That was really a great and shining moment of my life when I got my result and had the gratification of becoming a successful Ravian Graduate. These two years, 2003 to 2005 was really a time of some great pleasure and big fun at campus!
I wasn’t really fortunate enough to have the company of sincere and nice friends during my first two years at GC and that was the reason I never felt myself to be comfortable in the campus with no friends around. Whereas, the time during my Third-year and fourth-year really brought so much enjoyable moments and unforgetable company of some precious fellows. Yes, right from the first day of my third-year at campus, I met with one of my class fellow Ali, who is still my best sighted friend. It was just due to this guy Ali that my two years at GC fluttered away in no time and I, like many of other naughty students, immensely enjoyed my time!
Ali never left me alone at the campus and we often bunked classes and spent our time in all sorts of stupid activities etc. While I’m writing all this, my mind is just reliving all those golden glimpses which always remain fresh on my memory island!
There were couple of other guies too, including Sajjad and Zohaib, who are nice friends too, but no one could fill into Ali’s shoes, for he is very caring and never makes me feel about my blindness. We both are quite similar in many regards, E.G. He has great interest in music and same have I, he has poetic germs and I try too, he loves to go to some romantic places and same do I,, He is unsuccessful lover and perhaps I have failure in this department as well!
We never hide any of our secret and share every thing with each other. Whenever, I’m blue or down for any of the reasons, he is always there for me, when same thing happens with him, I try my best to take him out of that situation. We both hated studding all the time and only showed our devotion and determination when exams would be at our head. Even then, we both scored more than 75 percent marks in graduation. We always had a combined-studies and whenever any one of us would be absent, it was really hard to open a book for the other. Ali, unfortunately, couldn’t continue his education after graduation, though he did get admission in GC for his masters, but for some personal reasons he gave up and established his computer business. We are no longer together in GC now, but that hasn’t really made any difference to our passionate friendship and still we spend most of our weekend time together.
For my master program in Government College University GCU, I preferred English Literature, for the subjects variety is limited in GC as compared to Punjab University. My interest, however, was more in mass communication and I did get admission for that in Punjab University, but I loved staying in GCU as the staff and atmosphere here is just up to my likings. Secondly, there are hardly any facilities for the blind in punjab university, also the visually impaired students get discouraged by the staff many a time, instead being assisted with required solutions to their problems. On the other hand, GCU has more to offer to the special students with things really getting in better shapes in recent times. I do consider myself a mighty lucky to be able to bring some useful changes in the campus by taking initiative in some of the aspects concerning with visually handicaps. I, for instance, introduced the new and handy method of taking exams via computer which proved a great sighof relief for me and now my junior blind students are also trying to adopt the same method to minimize their troubles related with critical issues of taking exams. This has always been one area where blind students mostly struggle whenever it comes to go through this hectic exam procedures. The basic reason behind this all is, that in pakistan , most of the blind students take their papers with the help of writers. So When their exams are at head, they usually find it extremely hard searching for the appropriate writers who are to be one class lower than the candidate. In this way, many students are unable to appear in the exams due to inaccessibility of a writer which at times costs them a great failure. On the other hand, the braille method for taking exams does not prove to be very useful either, as the colleges/universities show their laziness in order to get braille papers transcribed in time. Sometimes, they don’t find proper braille teachers for this job and many times they even forget this task to be done to create more frustrations for blind students. Thus, when overall result is declared, blind student finds that his marksheet is still in pending list for the fact that no one from the examination staff has paid any damn heat to send the papers for the conversion process. So when a blind student has to apply for the next class admission, he, the poor, still keeps hanging on waiting list for his results which is really terrible thing to face. The very same thing happened to me when I had to apply for my graduation addmission in GCU and due to my pending result, I was just on the urge of losing this opportunity to become a Ravian graduate. Infact, if I had not been a part of GCU for my I.C.S, I would have been easily denied the admission due to very late result.
This is why, I reckon this computer method for exams a most suitable one for blind students particularly at college/university level. By adopting this method, visually impaired students do not have to depend on anyone to serve as a writer, neither there is any need for the braille papers to be transcribed etc, Until now, two of my junior college fellows have also had their exams via computer and are pretty confident and glad about that, for they didn’t have to wait too long for their result, nor there was any need to hire a writer. I know this is not easy for every single blind to start taking exams via computer right away, but sooner or later, they have to be completely familiar with computer and adopt this method for their comfort. For this purpose, we have now a separate section computer lab in GCU where blind students could go any time to increase their computer skills and to be benefitted educationally. I also love to guide and help my juniors in this area and stress the importance of computer for their education purposes. Though I’m still learning so many thing myself, but nevertheless, I mostly depend on computer for my study courses and heavily rely on electronic-texts. To be honest enough, I openly admit this computer to be an essential part of my life not only for study help, but I’m also crazy about internet and keep myself busy in cyberspace world. I’ve been using this awesome medium for the last three four years and gained so much knowledge through this. Other than learning number of things through internet, I also have had great friends from different corners of the world and now they are deeply attached to my life, for these emotional connections mean a lot to me. On the other side of the picture, this has also caused me a great discomfort and a state of melancholy on number of occasions for some certain reasons. Many people take these formal connections to be for granted and suspect them to be not that much important for them. But in my case, things are quite opposite, as I do pay deep regard to these timely links and all of the sudden these become very precious to me and hard to live without. I might somewhat be detached or careless at times, but it never loses the worth of these emotional relations in my true heart. As a matter of fact,if I, at any stage of my life, get separated from any of my friend for any reasons, I always feel dejection and sorrow for that. Also, I give my best to keep things transparent and quite clear in friendships etc, so that no misunderstanding could take plase and things remain uncomplicated and unsophisticated. I simply hate those people who, without investigating or knowing the true reality about anyone or anything, start having their ears to false stories and untrue facts merely to destroy their relationship or friendships etc. I never intend to praise myself for any thing, but it has certainly been in my nature not to go for any obnoxious rumour, nor I believe any thing till I get my satisfaction by knowing the reality to its fullest.
My general activities and interests!
Well you might be having a better clue already about my interests by reading all silly descriptions regarding my personality, that I’ve so far written. But to give a rather detailed touch,I would add some more to make things even clear!
As I’m very sentimental sort of guy, my being so much interested in poetry is some thing natural. That is why, I occasionally write Urdu poetry too, especially when its raining and the whole atmosphere becomes all together a romantic one and nature speaks all around me!
I’ve been doing this emotional activity since my school days, but the real boostup came when I was in second-year at my College with my love story at its peak!
I don’t know whether I should speak of these thing in this life-description of mine or not, but then, if nothing remains hidden from Allah, then whats the point of hiding something from this bloody world. Though, I can’t disclose these sensative matters with so much detail, for it has to do much with the concerns of other party.
Anyways, as i was mentioning that from my second-year at GC onwards I did lots of poetry as I was having some mad moments of my life. Yes, I’m saying them mad for their proving mighty devastating for me. These moments, however, turned me totally mad lover and with my being blind,u could better imagine about a blind love!
“yes aik andha piar”
It wasn’t really a matter of one-sided story,but other party too was burning with love flames.
“je han, donoo taraf thi aag baraber lagi hoi”
perhaps, now I’ve enter a craziest part of my life-story, but its not my headache, for I’ve started sharing these matters unconsciously and you need to show some patience in order to digest all this without really laughing at my funny yet merciful love chapter. It was just a beginning of 2003 when this girl came in my life and soon after, we both became very important for each other. At first, I thought this to be perhaps a timely crush, as I had already experienced a little bit like that during school days when I was in class 10. But on a serious note, it wasn’t some thing like that, therefore, it kept flourishing with every passing day to make life beautiful for both of us!
With every passing second, we became nearer and nearer and felt our souls to be connected tightly with each other. She was so kind and loving to me and never ever felt about my blindness. We were deeply involved in each other that we couldn’t help talking on phone the whole nights. Infact,whenever there was a time that we couldn’t talk for a day or two, the life really seemed to be meaningless and full of darkness. Anyways, I better sum up this foolish chapter, as it gives me pain even to relive those dismal memories which I’ve buried far behind in my past graveyard. All the same, after two years of mad love and golden moments that we both had shared, suddenly a terrible and destructive storm hit our love-garden and tore our souls apart. Actually, when our love chronicle was dawned upon her family members, they became extremely enraged and restricted all ways of communications between both of us. Her sister, however, was the only one, who was in our favor and she also helped for some time by making us communicate through her mobile phone.
Those critical days were really hard and gloomy by all means. The basic reason of her family members being so cruel and harsh was not just that she was in mad love with me, but my blindness which they were never ready to accept. On this painful attitude of her family, she became mighty shaken both mentally as well as physically. Thus, She got hospitalised for a week or so and because of her critical condition, her mother allowed her to contact me temporarily. On the other hand, when I smelled our future to be an abortive one, I became internally dead and left my home for some days, because my family was greatly worried on my miserable state. I could never forget those five or 6 days of my life, when I left home and spent my time on footpaths, public parks etc. I even tried to take my life away by committing suicide but then felt for my parents. I love my mother dearly, that was the reason that I had to returned to home,for my parents were helpless and splintered because of my abnormal attitude. Although, my life seemed to be ending without her presence around, but I promised to myself not to take any rash step as I needed to live for my parents who love me more than anyone else in this universe. Then, after some days she managed to call me somehow and ensured me that she still loved me and all we needed to do was just to wait for a right time before going for any bold decision. In this way, a few days later, she decided to go for court marriage, as it was the only option she had. AT first, I felt glad, for I was to get her forever by all means, but after closely analysing the situation, things really looked ominous to me. I kept pressurising her to convince her family as that was the only respectable way of getting her.
It was the month of june 2004 while I was having summer vocationsafter my third-year at college and she was just free from her graduation, when we both decided for Court marriage later in september. Fortunately, we had a period of about three months to be able to think on certain issues and the consequences of our audacious action which we both were committed to conduct later sometime. In the mean time, I discussed about our plan with my best friend Ali and Tariq bhai and they were kind enough to show me the right path and stop me from going into such hasty decision which could have proved desolating one particularly for her family. This was a time of real test for me, as I had to come up with some thing very sensible, at the sametime, I never wanted to consider my life to be without her either. On the other hand, her mother became very ill as she was heart patient too, so this factor also shattered our determination as we never wanted to give her such a shock, keeping in mind her critical condition. Finally, after going through countless confounding moments, we eventually concluded to give up our idea of court marriage prefering her mother’s gratification. When her mother gained some health recovery, we again thought to try our luck once again by convincing her for our relationship, But that too proved useless, for she was determined enough for separating us and to see the end of our brainsick love. We both were quite desperate for each other, but found no way to come out of that confined destiny. At last, there came a time when she wasn’t able to carry on with our correspondence and our so called passionate love-story reached to its conclusion. Her last E-mail was clearly full of tears and I felt her each painful word that she was compelled to write to me.
In that mail she at last admitted to surrender to her family and being a typical eastern soul, it was for certain to bow before her parents.
Thus, the major cause of our detachment was nothing else but my blindness, some thing which I could not help.
Was it really my fault to become blind?
Did I do this bloody harm to myself?
I was merely rejected for some thing which I wasn’t responsible for?
Was that really equitable to me by the cruel nature?
Why I had to sow such an outcome which I never reaped myself?
Why we, at times, become so much helpless that we have no option but to suffer greatly and that too without any fault?
Why did this world punish me for some bloody deed that I never committed by my own hands?
Why does God give some physical deficiency, only to be ignored and rejected by the society?,
Why do people take some impairment to be curse on them and feel themselves superior to that?
These were some of the questions that kept chasing my mind after that unrecoverable loss of my life. I had never felt ruefulness for my blindness, but this was for the very first time in my life when my blindness seemed to me a greatest source of defeat. I really wanted to kill myself as I was just unable to get my first love because of my blindness. Anyhow, one thing is for sure, that life goes on and on even after the departure of some one very important. Though at first life seems to be offering nothing much to live with, but certainly the journey never stops, for it still has some thing to offer later at some point!
“kut hee gai judai bhee kab yeh huwa kay mar gay,
tairay bhee din guzar gay mairay bhee din guzar gay”
yess, this is the bitter reality of life, u lose some and get some in return!
Ok now ending this darkening love subject and you better forget it too as quickly as possible!
Presently, I’m very much contented with most of the things in life and try to spend eachmoment with great sprightliness., though, every now and again, those love memories knock upon the heart door but I don’t allow them to capture my soul.
Message from the supreme leader of Iran
You should not feel sorry over lack of sight. God will certainlyreward you in return for this blindness. God has given you so manyother things includingintelligence, comprehension, cognizance, faith in addition to othermaterial and spiritual bounties.A human being is so much gifted and great that the lack of one of the5 senses cannot affect or disable his capabilities and spirit.
shortcut keys
As a blind computer user with the help of JAWS software, I make extensive use of keyboard for navigation. On the other hand the sighted users make extensive
use of Mouse and are much less conversant with various keystrokes and shortcuts through which commands can be executed.
As a computer teacher, I find that the sighted users find it very convenient, in many cases, the use of keyboard for a number of commands. In this article,
I describe briefly some of the keystrokes and shortcuts, which I feel would be of immense convenience to all users, blind or sighted alike. Once the users
are aware of these keystrokes or a combination of keystrokes, it is up to them to decide which key strokes or mouse navigation is convenient for them.
Many sighted users using Words find it convenient to have the command in the keyboard itself instead of shifted their hand to the mouse. All these keystrokes
and shortcuts are available at various places in help text of windows, words and excel etc. I have tried to consolidate them at one place so that users
may keep this as ready reference and may use them if required.
Windows keystrokes and shortcuts;
Escape to cancel the dialog box.
F1 for help
F2 to rename
F3 for search
F4 for address bar
F5 to refresh
F10 for Menu bar
F12 to Save as
Windows key or control Escape to start menu
Window key+d to minimize all
Window key+shift+m to maximize.
MS word keystrokes and shortcuts;
control + N to Create a new document
control + O to Open an existing document
control + S to Save a document
control + P to Print a document
control + Z to Undo the last edit command
control + Y to Repeat the last edit command
control + X to Cut selected text to clipboard
control + C to Copy selected text to clipboard
control + V to Paste text from the clipboard
control + A to Select the entire document
control + F to Search for specific words or phrases
control + H to Find and replace specific
words/phrases
control + G to Go to a specific line paragraph or
page
control + E to Center text
control + L to Left justify text
control + R to Right justify text
control + J to Justify text
contro + shift + P to Change the point size of the font
control + shift + F to Change the font face
control + delete to Delete the current word
control + backspace to Delete the previous word
control + B to Bold text
control + I to Italicize text
control + U to Underline text
control + K to Insert a hyperlink
F7 to Check spelling or grammar
F12 to Name and save a document
Shift + F7 to Word meaning
Alt F4 to Exit
MS Excel keystrokes and shortcuts;
Alt + = for Auto sum
F 5 to Go to cell
= to start a formula
Ctrl + space bar to Select the entire column
Shift + space bar to Select the entire row
Ctrl + Arrow key to move to edge of data regions
Ctrl + page up or down to Switch sheets
Alt + Page down or up to Move left or right one screen
End key then arrow key in the to move to the end of any row or
desired direction column
Ctrl + shift with arrows to select text
home and end
Ctrl + ; (semicolon) to Insert the date
Ctrl + Shift + ; (semicolon) to Insert the time
Use standard window selecting keystrokes to select specific cells
by Shazia Hasan
use of Mouse and are much less conversant with various keystrokes and shortcuts through which commands can be executed.
As a computer teacher, I find that the sighted users find it very convenient, in many cases, the use of keyboard for a number of commands. In this article,
I describe briefly some of the keystrokes and shortcuts, which I feel would be of immense convenience to all users, blind or sighted alike. Once the users
are aware of these keystrokes or a combination of keystrokes, it is up to them to decide which key strokes or mouse navigation is convenient for them.
Many sighted users using Words find it convenient to have the command in the keyboard itself instead of shifted their hand to the mouse. All these keystrokes
and shortcuts are available at various places in help text of windows, words and excel etc. I have tried to consolidate them at one place so that users
may keep this as ready reference and may use them if required.
Windows keystrokes and shortcuts;
Escape to cancel the dialog box.
F1 for help
F2 to rename
F3 for search
F4 for address bar
F5 to refresh
F10 for Menu bar
F12 to Save as
Windows key or control Escape to start menu
Window key+d to minimize all
Window key+shift+m to maximize.
MS word keystrokes and shortcuts;
control + N to Create a new document
control + O to Open an existing document
control + S to Save a document
control + P to Print a document
control + Z to Undo the last edit command
control + Y to Repeat the last edit command
control + X to Cut selected text to clipboard
control + C to Copy selected text to clipboard
control + V to Paste text from the clipboard
control + A to Select the entire document
control + F to Search for specific words or phrases
control + H to Find and replace specific
words/phrases
control + G to Go to a specific line paragraph or
page
control + E to Center text
control + L to Left justify text
control + R to Right justify text
control + J to Justify text
contro + shift + P to Change the point size of the font
control + shift + F to Change the font face
control + delete to Delete the current word
control + backspace to Delete the previous word
control + B to Bold text
control + I to Italicize text
control + U to Underline text
control + K to Insert a hyperlink
F7 to Check spelling or grammar
F12 to Name and save a document
Shift + F7 to Word meaning
Alt F4 to Exit
MS Excel keystrokes and shortcuts;
Alt + = for Auto sum
F 5 to Go to cell
= to start a formula
Ctrl + space bar to Select the entire column
Shift + space bar to Select the entire row
Ctrl + Arrow key to move to edge of data regions
Ctrl + page up or down to Switch sheets
Alt + Page down or up to Move left or right one screen
End key then arrow key in the to move to the end of any row or
desired direction column
Ctrl + shift with arrows to select text
home and end
Ctrl + ; (semicolon) to Insert the date
Ctrl + Shift + ; (semicolon) to Insert the time
Use standard window selecting keystrokes to select specific cells
by Shazia Hasan
when one door closes
When I applauded one 13 year old girl who was brilliantly articulating why Pakistan should sign the UN Charter on Disability, she had this to say, "We arenot aiming to be heroes. This is not a competition or a war. We are just asking for our basic rights as per the UN charter and legislation to enforce it.We want integration, equal treatment and opportunities in all walks of life; we are not looking for sympathy either. Every one remembers days like Valentinesand Halloween, while the day of disabled people, which is a national responsibility, seems to hold importance only for the ones who are directly affected".
'When one door closes, another opens; but we often look so long and so regretfully upon the closed door that we do not see the one which has opened forus'
Alexander Graham Bell's belief should be adopted as a guiding principle in life. At this point in time, when all around us seems dark and dreary, whenevery Pakistani is in a state of shock and confusion, Alexander Bell's statement shines as a beacon and shows a way out. When faced with injustice, weare told, knock on the doors of justice. But what if, already blindfolded, justice also turns a deaf ear? When you want to be heard, we are advised, bethe voice of the nation. The power of the pen, as well as the satellite waves, is supposed to be more powerful than the sword. But what if the pen is snatchedaway and the TV screens muted? Always do right and follow rules, we are instructed. But what if the rule book of the nation - the constitution - is itselfmauled? Always put the nation first, we are exhorted. But what if 'national interests' change faster than the seasons and are made synonymous with, ifnot subservient to, 'personal interest'? In these circumstances, one may be forgiven for just going with the flow?
It is in these times that we should draw inspiration from those who have faced even worse odds, who have had one door after another slammed in their facesand yet they have managed to see opportunity in the midst of adversity. As we observe the International Day of the Disabled today ― or rather as we celebratethe International Day of the Disabled - it would be instructive to review the lives of just a few of the differently-abled people. These real life heroeshave faced seemingly insurmountable odds without fear and have triumphed over adversity through struggle. And the purpose of their struggle was not theacquisition of wealth, fame or power either. They fought for acceptance, integration and inclusion in the society.
Temple Grandin, PhD in animal science and an assistant professor at the University of Colorado, was diagnosed with autism at the age of two and a half.She not only overcome her own difficulty but also became a spokesperson for autistic people the world over. Her book, "Thinking in Pictures" is acclaimedas an outstanding treatise on autism. She was also one of the challenged people who appeared in Larry King Live and was one of the "challenged" peoplefeatured in the best selling book, Anthropologist from Mars".
Marlee Matlin, though profoundly deaf, is a stand-up comedian and an actress and won an academy award for best actress for her film "Children of a lessergod" in 1986 (at age 21, the youngest actress ever to win in that category).
Tom Cruise, amongst the most talented actors in the world, battles with dyslexia, a learning disability. Despite this, he has won and has been nominatedfor several awards for best actor.
Stephen Hawking was Cambridge's first gravitational physics professor and then became Lucasian Professor of Mathematics at the age of 35. At the age of21, he was diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), also known as Lou Gehrig's disease. It attacks the nerves that control a body's voluntarymovements and affects walking, speaking, breathing, swallowing, etc. Doctors gave Hawking two years to live. Hawking has defied this timeframe and is stillworking.
Henry Holden contracted polio during the 1952 epidemic. He was four years old at that time. His disability has never stopped him from pursuing a path ofexcellence, even though he wears leg braces and uses crutches. In addition to acting, Henry is an athlete, stand-up comic and activist. Henry's athleticaccomplishments include downhill skiing, certified scuba diving, bowling a high score of 196 in league competition, flying gliders and single engine airplanesetc. Heather Whitestone. 'There she is Heather Whitestone of Alabama, USA... Miss America 1995'. Unlike other Miss America crown holders, Heather neveractually heard these words as she was crowned. Heather was the first person with a disability ever to be selected as Miss America. She had been deaf sincethe age of 18 months. Doctors told Heather's parents that she would never read beyond the third grade level, nor learn to speak
Beethoven. How many of us know that Beethoven composed some of his best symphonies after he became profoundly deaf. While the world acclaimed, he himselfcould hear neither the symphonies nor the applause.
There is an endless list of all those people who have never allowed their disabilities to become hurdles. We can see scores of Tom Cruises, Stephen Hawkingsor Helen Kellers amongst these boys and girls. Lack of opportunity and resources are the only stumbling blocks.
A step in the right direction was taken by the United Nations in 1999 when 3rd December was declared as the international day of the disabled people. TheDay was initially proclaimed in 1992 to commemorate the anniversary of the World Program of Action concerning Disabled Persons, adopted by the GeneralAssembly to promote understanding about disability issues and to increase awareness of gains to be derived from integrating disabled persons into all aspectsof political, social, economic and cultural life. "Accessibility for all for the Millennium" was the theme for 1999.
The World Health Organization estimates that there are 600 million disabled people worldwide, about 10 per cent of the world population. Pakistan has thesame statistic, 10 per cent of all Pakistanis are differently-abled. It is estimated that about 80 per cent of all disabled people worldwide live in developingcountries. No matter which part of the world they are in, their lives are often limited by physical or social barriers.
The purpose of the International day of the disabled is to make people realize that disability is not just a medical condition; it effects the interactionbetween the person with impairment and environmental and attitudinal barriers he or she may face. The reasons for disability are always complex and canonly be understood within the context of societies and cultures. Especially in closed societies like ours, where the slightest deviation from the expectedand rigid norms renders a person " different", the plight of these people is even more agonizing.
A month or so ago, children from various schools in Pakistan took up the cause of their disabled countrymen and developed a petition to be presented tothe Prime Minister of Pakistan asking that Pakistan become a signatory to the UN Charter on Disability. It was heartening to see these young boys and girlstaking up such a noble cause. It is the same with disabled children themselves. They have a positive attitude towards life. Spending an hour with themis like a breath of fresh air.
When I applauded one 13-year-old girl who was brilliantly articulating why Pakistan should sign the UN Charter on Disability, she had this to say: "Weare not aiming to be heroes. This is not a competition or a war. We are just asking for our basic rights as per the UN charter and legislation to enforceit. We want integration, equal treatment and opportunities in all walks of life; we are not looking for sympathy either. Every one remembers days likeValentines and Halloween, while the day of disabled people, which is a national responsibility, seems to hold importance only for the ones who are directlyaffected".
Shall we continue to lament the closed doors we see around us, or shall we see the many others that are open and beckoning!
(Today is International Day of the Disabled)
The writer is a speech therapist and works with children and adults who have speech and language disorders. Email: sadaf_sh@hotmail.com Source: http://www.thenews.com.pk/daily_detail.asp?id=83985
'When one door closes, another opens; but we often look so long and so regretfully upon the closed door that we do not see the one which has opened forus'
Alexander Graham Bell's belief should be adopted as a guiding principle in life. At this point in time, when all around us seems dark and dreary, whenevery Pakistani is in a state of shock and confusion, Alexander Bell's statement shines as a beacon and shows a way out. When faced with injustice, weare told, knock on the doors of justice. But what if, already blindfolded, justice also turns a deaf ear? When you want to be heard, we are advised, bethe voice of the nation. The power of the pen, as well as the satellite waves, is supposed to be more powerful than the sword. But what if the pen is snatchedaway and the TV screens muted? Always do right and follow rules, we are instructed. But what if the rule book of the nation - the constitution - is itselfmauled? Always put the nation first, we are exhorted. But what if 'national interests' change faster than the seasons and are made synonymous with, ifnot subservient to, 'personal interest'? In these circumstances, one may be forgiven for just going with the flow?
It is in these times that we should draw inspiration from those who have faced even worse odds, who have had one door after another slammed in their facesand yet they have managed to see opportunity in the midst of adversity. As we observe the International Day of the Disabled today ― or rather as we celebratethe International Day of the Disabled - it would be instructive to review the lives of just a few of the differently-abled people. These real life heroeshave faced seemingly insurmountable odds without fear and have triumphed over adversity through struggle. And the purpose of their struggle was not theacquisition of wealth, fame or power either. They fought for acceptance, integration and inclusion in the society.
Temple Grandin, PhD in animal science and an assistant professor at the University of Colorado, was diagnosed with autism at the age of two and a half.She not only overcome her own difficulty but also became a spokesperson for autistic people the world over. Her book, "Thinking in Pictures" is acclaimedas an outstanding treatise on autism. She was also one of the challenged people who appeared in Larry King Live and was one of the "challenged" peoplefeatured in the best selling book, Anthropologist from Mars".
Marlee Matlin, though profoundly deaf, is a stand-up comedian and an actress and won an academy award for best actress for her film "Children of a lessergod" in 1986 (at age 21, the youngest actress ever to win in that category).
Tom Cruise, amongst the most talented actors in the world, battles with dyslexia, a learning disability. Despite this, he has won and has been nominatedfor several awards for best actor.
Stephen Hawking was Cambridge's first gravitational physics professor and then became Lucasian Professor of Mathematics at the age of 35. At the age of21, he was diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), also known as Lou Gehrig's disease. It attacks the nerves that control a body's voluntarymovements and affects walking, speaking, breathing, swallowing, etc. Doctors gave Hawking two years to live. Hawking has defied this timeframe and is stillworking.
Henry Holden contracted polio during the 1952 epidemic. He was four years old at that time. His disability has never stopped him from pursuing a path ofexcellence, even though he wears leg braces and uses crutches. In addition to acting, Henry is an athlete, stand-up comic and activist. Henry's athleticaccomplishments include downhill skiing, certified scuba diving, bowling a high score of 196 in league competition, flying gliders and single engine airplanesetc. Heather Whitestone. 'There she is Heather Whitestone of Alabama, USA... Miss America 1995'. Unlike other Miss America crown holders, Heather neveractually heard these words as she was crowned. Heather was the first person with a disability ever to be selected as Miss America. She had been deaf sincethe age of 18 months. Doctors told Heather's parents that she would never read beyond the third grade level, nor learn to speak
Beethoven. How many of us know that Beethoven composed some of his best symphonies after he became profoundly deaf. While the world acclaimed, he himselfcould hear neither the symphonies nor the applause.
There is an endless list of all those people who have never allowed their disabilities to become hurdles. We can see scores of Tom Cruises, Stephen Hawkingsor Helen Kellers amongst these boys and girls. Lack of opportunity and resources are the only stumbling blocks.
A step in the right direction was taken by the United Nations in 1999 when 3rd December was declared as the international day of the disabled people. TheDay was initially proclaimed in 1992 to commemorate the anniversary of the World Program of Action concerning Disabled Persons, adopted by the GeneralAssembly to promote understanding about disability issues and to increase awareness of gains to be derived from integrating disabled persons into all aspectsof political, social, economic and cultural life. "Accessibility for all for the Millennium" was the theme for 1999.
The World Health Organization estimates that there are 600 million disabled people worldwide, about 10 per cent of the world population. Pakistan has thesame statistic, 10 per cent of all Pakistanis are differently-abled. It is estimated that about 80 per cent of all disabled people worldwide live in developingcountries. No matter which part of the world they are in, their lives are often limited by physical or social barriers.
The purpose of the International day of the disabled is to make people realize that disability is not just a medical condition; it effects the interactionbetween the person with impairment and environmental and attitudinal barriers he or she may face. The reasons for disability are always complex and canonly be understood within the context of societies and cultures. Especially in closed societies like ours, where the slightest deviation from the expectedand rigid norms renders a person " different", the plight of these people is even more agonizing.
A month or so ago, children from various schools in Pakistan took up the cause of their disabled countrymen and developed a petition to be presented tothe Prime Minister of Pakistan asking that Pakistan become a signatory to the UN Charter on Disability. It was heartening to see these young boys and girlstaking up such a noble cause. It is the same with disabled children themselves. They have a positive attitude towards life. Spending an hour with themis like a breath of fresh air.
When I applauded one 13-year-old girl who was brilliantly articulating why Pakistan should sign the UN Charter on Disability, she had this to say: "Weare not aiming to be heroes. This is not a competition or a war. We are just asking for our basic rights as per the UN charter and legislation to enforceit. We want integration, equal treatment and opportunities in all walks of life; we are not looking for sympathy either. Every one remembers days likeValentines and Halloween, while the day of disabled people, which is a national responsibility, seems to hold importance only for the ones who are directlyaffected".
Shall we continue to lament the closed doors we see around us, or shall we see the many others that are open and beckoning!
(Today is International Day of the Disabled)
The writer is a speech therapist and works with children and adults who have speech and language disorders. Email: sadaf_sh@hotmail.com Source: http://www.thenews.com.pk/daily_detail.asp?id=83985
Great technology!
Robots that help the disabled, and also those thatplay violin APTokyo: Compared to a virtuoso, its rendition was atrifle stilted and, well, robotic. But Toyota’s newrobot plays a pretty solid Pomp and Circumstanceon the violin. The five-foot-tall, all-white robot, shown Thursday,used its mechanical fingers to push the stringscorrectly and bowed with its other arm, coordinatingthe movements well. The company has already shown robots that roll aroundto work as guides and have fingers dexterous enough toplay the trumpet. Katsuaki Watanabe, the President of Toyota, saidrobotics will be a core business for the company incoming years. They will test robots at hospitals,facilities and other places starting next year, hesaid. And the company hopes to put what it calls“partner robots” to real use by 2010, he said. “We want to create robots that are useful for peoplein everyday life,” he said. Watanabe also presented a picture of the future ofrobotic health care. Wheelchair-like robots, called‘mobility robots’, which were also displayed Thursday,would offer “bed-to-bed” services to people, includingthe elderly and the sick, just like cars take people“door-to-door.” At the demonstration, a man got on a mobility robot, amotorised two-wheeled chair, and then scooted around.The moving machine can also go up and downslopes, and over bumps, without upsetting the personsitting on the chair, because the wheels could adjustto such changes. Toyota said it is working with universities to speedup robotics development.
Tuesday, October 23, 2007
Braille
Introduction
Louis Braille invented "braille", a world wide system of embossed type used by blind and partially sighted people for reading and writing. It has been adaptedto almost every known language, from Albanian to Zulu.
He died in 1852 and, for a while, it seemed as if this system would die with the inventor. Thankfully a few key people realised the importance of this invention.In 1868, Dr Thomas Armitage led a group of four blind men to found the British and Foreign Society for Improving the Embossed Literature of the Blind.
This small band of friends grew and grew to become Royal National Institute of the Blind (RNIB). We are now the largest publisher of braille in Europe.Our pioneering work helps anyone with a sight problem.
Where does the story begin?
Louis Braille was born in a small town near Paris on 4 January 1809.
One day when Louis Braille was a small boy, he crept into his father's workshop to play. He had often seen his father making shoes and he decided he wouldlike to try. He picked up an awl, a sharp, pointed tool used for making holes in leather. As he bent over, the awl slipped and pierced his eye, destroyingit forever. Some time later his other eye became infected by the first and he lost his sight altogether. He was aged only 4, but still went on to becomeone of the most famous Frenchmen ever to live.
Louis Braille's school years
Despite his sight loss the young child attended the village school with his sighted friends for two years. Eventually it became clear that he would notbe able to learn much more, largely because he could not read or write. Without an education it was likely that he would have to beg on the streets, likeother blind people at that time.
At the age of ten he was lucky enough to be sent to a school for blind boys in Paris, one of the first in the world. Conditions in the school were veryharsh. The building was damp and unhealthy and discipline was severe. Pupils who misbehaved were beaten, locked up and given stale bread and water. Infact, this kind of discipline was common in all schools at that time. Life was harsh for nearly everyone and most sighted children left school at the ageof 12 and went to work in factories or in mines.
At the school in Paris the blind pupils were taught practical skills like chair caning and slipper making so that when they left the school they would beable to make a living. Once a week, after lunch, the boys were taken for a walk in the park, linked together by a long rope.
They were also taught to read but not to write. The letters they read were raised above the surface of the page so that they could feel them with theirfingertips. This form of writing was very difficult to read because it was very hard to tell the letters apart. The letters were printed by pressing copperwire into one side of the paper to make a raised shape on the other. Because each individual letter had to be made out of wire first and because the wirethen had to be forced into the paper with a press blind people were unable to write anything for themselves.
One day something happened that changed the lives of blind people forever. In 1821, a soldier named Charles Barbier visited Louis' school. He bought withhim a system he had invented called "night writing". Night writing had originally been designed so that soldiers could pass instructions along trenchesat night without having to talk and give their positions away. It consisted of twelve raised dots which could be combined to represent different sounds.Unfortunately it proved to be too complex for soldiers to master and was therefore rejected by the army.
How did he develop braille?
The young Louis Braille quickly realised how useful this system of raised dots could be, provided it was simplified. Over the next few months he experimentedwith different systems until he found an ideal system using six dots. He continued to work on the scheme for several years after, developing separate codesfor maths and music. In 1827 the first book in braille was published.
Even so, the new system did not catch on immediately. Sighted people did not understand how useful braille could be and one head teacher at the school evenbanned the children from learning it. Fortunately this seemed to have the effect of encouraging the children even more and they took to learning it insecret. Eventually even sighted people began to realise the benefits of the new system.
Not only could people with sight problems read braille but they could also write it for themselves using a simple stylus to make the dots. For the firsttime blind and partially sighted people began to be truly independent and to take control of their own lives.
What did he go on to do?
Louis Braille eventually became a teacher in the school where he had been a student. He was admired and respected by his pupils but, unfortunately, he didnot live to see his system widely adopted. He had always been plagued by ill health and in 1852, at the age of 43, he died from tuberculosis.
In France itself, Louis Braille's achievement was finally recognised by the state. In 1952 his body was moved to Paris where it was buried in the Pantheon,the home of France's national heroes.
Braille links - RNIBlist of 8 items• Everyday braille - about different types of braille including how numbers and money are represented.
Louis Braille invented "braille", a world wide system of embossed type used by blind and partially sighted people for reading and writing. It has been adaptedto almost every known language, from Albanian to Zulu.
He died in 1852 and, for a while, it seemed as if this system would die with the inventor. Thankfully a few key people realised the importance of this invention.In 1868, Dr Thomas Armitage led a group of four blind men to found the British and Foreign Society for Improving the Embossed Literature of the Blind.
This small band of friends grew and grew to become Royal National Institute of the Blind (RNIB). We are now the largest publisher of braille in Europe.Our pioneering work helps anyone with a sight problem.
Where does the story begin?
Louis Braille was born in a small town near Paris on 4 January 1809.
One day when Louis Braille was a small boy, he crept into his father's workshop to play. He had often seen his father making shoes and he decided he wouldlike to try. He picked up an awl, a sharp, pointed tool used for making holes in leather. As he bent over, the awl slipped and pierced his eye, destroyingit forever. Some time later his other eye became infected by the first and he lost his sight altogether. He was aged only 4, but still went on to becomeone of the most famous Frenchmen ever to live.
Louis Braille's school years
Despite his sight loss the young child attended the village school with his sighted friends for two years. Eventually it became clear that he would notbe able to learn much more, largely because he could not read or write. Without an education it was likely that he would have to beg on the streets, likeother blind people at that time.
At the age of ten he was lucky enough to be sent to a school for blind boys in Paris, one of the first in the world. Conditions in the school were veryharsh. The building was damp and unhealthy and discipline was severe. Pupils who misbehaved were beaten, locked up and given stale bread and water. Infact, this kind of discipline was common in all schools at that time. Life was harsh for nearly everyone and most sighted children left school at the ageof 12 and went to work in factories or in mines.
At the school in Paris the blind pupils were taught practical skills like chair caning and slipper making so that when they left the school they would beable to make a living. Once a week, after lunch, the boys were taken for a walk in the park, linked together by a long rope.
They were also taught to read but not to write. The letters they read were raised above the surface of the page so that they could feel them with theirfingertips. This form of writing was very difficult to read because it was very hard to tell the letters apart. The letters were printed by pressing copperwire into one side of the paper to make a raised shape on the other. Because each individual letter had to be made out of wire first and because the wirethen had to be forced into the paper with a press blind people were unable to write anything for themselves.
One day something happened that changed the lives of blind people forever. In 1821, a soldier named Charles Barbier visited Louis' school. He bought withhim a system he had invented called "night writing". Night writing had originally been designed so that soldiers could pass instructions along trenchesat night without having to talk and give their positions away. It consisted of twelve raised dots which could be combined to represent different sounds.Unfortunately it proved to be too complex for soldiers to master and was therefore rejected by the army.
How did he develop braille?
The young Louis Braille quickly realised how useful this system of raised dots could be, provided it was simplified. Over the next few months he experimentedwith different systems until he found an ideal system using six dots. He continued to work on the scheme for several years after, developing separate codesfor maths and music. In 1827 the first book in braille was published.
Even so, the new system did not catch on immediately. Sighted people did not understand how useful braille could be and one head teacher at the school evenbanned the children from learning it. Fortunately this seemed to have the effect of encouraging the children even more and they took to learning it insecret. Eventually even sighted people began to realise the benefits of the new system.
Not only could people with sight problems read braille but they could also write it for themselves using a simple stylus to make the dots. For the firsttime blind and partially sighted people began to be truly independent and to take control of their own lives.
What did he go on to do?
Louis Braille eventually became a teacher in the school where he had been a student. He was admired and respected by his pupils but, unfortunately, he didnot live to see his system widely adopted. He had always been plagued by ill health and in 1852, at the age of 43, he died from tuberculosis.
In France itself, Louis Braille's achievement was finally recognised by the state. In 1952 his body was moved to Paris where it was buried in the Pantheon,the home of France's national heroes.
Braille links - RNIBlist of 8 items• Everyday braille - about different types of braille including how numbers and money are represented.
life of Helen Keller
Helen Adams Keller was born on 27 June 1880 in Tuscumbia, a small rural town in Northwest Alabama, USA. The daughter of Captain Arthur Henley Keller andKate Adams Keller she was born with full sight and hearing.
Kate Keller was a tall, statuesque blond with blue eyes. She was some twenty years younger than her husband Captain Keller, a loyal southerner who had proudlyserved in the Confederate Army during the American Civil War.
The house they lived in was a simple, white, clapboard house built in 1820 by Helen’s grandparents. At the time of Helen’s birth the family were far fromwealthy with Captain Keller earning a living as both a cotton plantation owner and the editor of a weekly local newspaper, the “North Alabamian”. Helen’smother, as well as working on the plantation, would save money by making her own butter, lard, bacon and ham.
Helen falls ill
But Helen’s life was to change dramatically. In February 1882, when Helen was nineteen months old, she fell ill. To this day the nature of her ailment remainsa mystery. The doctors of the time called it “brain fever”, whilst modern day doctors think it may have been scarlet fever or meningitis.
Whatever the illness, Helen was, for many days, expected to die. When, eventually, the fever subsided, Helen’s family rejoiced believing their daughterto be well again.
However, Helen’s mother soon noticed how her daughter was failing to respond when the dinner bell was rang or when she passed her hand in front of her daughter’seyes.
It thus became apparent that Helen’s illness had left her both blind and deaf.
The following few years proved very hard for Helen and her family. Helen became a very difficult child, smashing dishes and lamps and terrorising the wholehousehold with her screaming and temper tantrums. Relatives regarded her as a monster and thought she should be put into an institution.
By the time Helen was six her family had become desperate. Looking after Helen was proving too much for them. Kate Keller had read in Charles Dickens’ book“American Notes” of the fantastic work that had been done with another deaf and blind child, Laura Bridgman, and travelled to a specialist doctor in Baltimorefor advice. They were given confirmation that Helen would never see or hear again but were told not to give up hope, the doctor believed Helen could betaught and he advised them to visit a local expert on the problems of deaf children. This expert was Alexander Graham Bell, the inventor of the telephone,Bell was now concentrating on what he considered his true vocation, the teaching of deaf children.
Alexander Graham Bell suggested that the Kellers write to Michael Anagnos, director of the Perkins Institution and Massachusetts Asylum for the Blind, andrequest that he try and find a teacher for Helen. Michael Anagnos considered Helen’s case and immediately recommended a former pupil of the institution,that woman was Anne Sullivan.
Anne Sullivan
Anne Sullivan had lost the majority of her sight at the age of five. By the age of ten, her mother had died and her father deserted her. She and her brotherJimmie were sent to the poorhouse in February 1876.
Anne’s brother died in the poorhouse. It was October 1880 before Anne finally left and went to commence her education at the Perkins Institution. One summerduring her time at the institute, Anne had two operations on her eyes, which led to her regaining enough sight to be able to read normal print for shortperiods of time.
Anne graduated from Perkins in 1886 and began to search for work. Finding work was terribly difficult for Anne, due to her poor eyesight, and when she receivedthe offer from Michael Anagnos to work as the teacher of Helen Keller, a deaf-blind mute, although she had no experience in this area, she accepted willingly.
Helen meets Anne
On 3 March 1887 Anne arrived at the house in Tuscumbia and for the first time met Helen Keller. Anne immediately started teaching Helen to finger spell.Spelling out the word “Doll” to signify a present she had brought with her for Helen. The next word she taught Helen was “Cake”. Although Helen could repeatthese finger movements she could not quite understand what they meant. And while Anne was struggling trying to help her understand, she was also strugglingto try and control Helen’s continuing bad behaviour.
Anne and Helen moved into a small cottage on the land of the main house to try and get Helen to improve her behaviour. Of particular concern were Helen’stable manners. She had taken to eating with her hands and from the plates of everyone at the table.
Anne’s attempts to improve Helen’s table manners and make her brush her own hair and button her shoes led to more and more temper tantrums. Anne punishedthese tantrums by refusing to “talk” with Helen by spelling words on her hands.
Over the coming weeks, however, Helen’s behaviour did begin to improve as a bond grew between the two. Then, after a month of Anne’s teaching, what thepeople of the time called a “miracle” occurred.
Helen had until now not yet fully understood the meaning of words. When Anne led her to the water pump on 5 April 1887, all that was about to change.
As Anne pumped the water over Helen’s hand , Anne spelled out the word water in the girl’s free hand. Something about this explained the meaning of wordswithin Helen, and Anne could immediately see in her face that she finally understood.
Helen later recounted the incident:
“We walked down the path to the well-house, attracted by the fragrance of the honey-suckle with which it was covered. Someone was drawing water and my teacherplaced my hand under the spout. As the cool stream gushed over one hand she spelled into the other the word water, first slowly, then rapidly. I stoodstill, my whole attention fixed upon the motions of her fingers. Suddenly I felt a misty consciousness as of something forgotten, a thrill of returningthought, and somehow the mystery of language was revealed to me.”
Helen immediately asked Anne for the name of the pump to be spelt on her hand and then the name of the trellis. All the way back to the house Helen learnedthe name of everything she touched and also asked for Anne’s name. Anne spelled the name “Teacher” on Helen’s hand. Within the next few hours Helen learntthe spelling of thirty new words.
Helen’s progress from then on was astonishing. Her ability to learn was far in advance of anything that anybody had seen before in someone without sightor hearing. It wasn’t long before Anne was teaching Helen to read, firstly with raised letters and later with braille, and to write with both ordinaryand braille typewriters.
Michael Anagnos was keen to promote Helen, one of the numerous articles on her that he wrote said of Helen that “she is a phenomenon”. These articles ledto a wave of publicity about Helen with pictures of her reading Shakespeare or stroking her dog appearing in national newspapers.
Helen had become famous, and as well as again visiting Alexander Graham Bell, she visited President Cleveland at the White House. By 1890 she was livingat the Perkins Institute and being taught by Anne. In March of that year Helen met Mary Swift Lamson who over the coming year was to try and teach Helento speak. This was something that Helen desperately wanted and although she learned to understand what somebody else was saying by touching their lipsand throat, her efforts to speak herself proved at this stage to be unsuccessful. This was later attributed to the fact that Helen’s vocal chords werenot properly trained prior to her being taught to speak.
The Frost King
On 4 November 1891 Helen sent Michael Anagnos a birthday gift of a short story she had written called “The Frost King”. Anagnos was so delighted with thestory that he had soon published it in a magazine hailing its importance in literary history.
However, it was soon discovered that Helen’s story was the same as one called “The Frost Fairies” by Margaret Canby. This was ultimately to be the end ofHelen and Anne’s friendship with Michael Anagnos. He felt he had been made to appear foolish by what he considered to be Helen’s deception.
There had to be an investigation and it was discovered that Helen had previously been read the story some years before and had obviously remembered it.Helen always claimed not to recall the original story and it should always be remembered that Helen was still only 11 years old, however, this incidentcreated a rift that would never heal between Helen, Anne and Anagnos. It also created great doubt in Helen’s own mind as to whether any of her thoughtswere truly her own.
In 1894 Helen and Anne met John D Wright and Dr Thomas Humason who were planning to set up a school to teach speech to the deaf in New York City. Helenand Anne were very excited by this and the assurances of the two men that Helen’s speech could be improved excited them further. Helen thus agreed to attendthe Wright-Humason School for the Deaf.
Unfortunately though, Helen’s speech never really improved beyond the sounds that only Anne and others very close to her could understand.
Helen enters Radcliffe College
Helen moved on to the Cambridge School for Young Ladies in 1896 and in the Autumn of 1900 entered Radcliffe College, becoming the first deafblind personto have ever enrolled at an institution of higher learning.
Life at Radcliffe was very difficult for Helen and Anne, and the huge amount of work involved led to deterioration in Anne’s eyesight. During their timeat the College Helen began to write about her life. She would write the story both in braille and on a normal typewriter. It was at this time that Helenand Anne met with John Albert Macy who was to help edit Helen’s first book “The Story of My Life” which was published in 1903 and although it sold poorlyat first it has since become a classic.
On 28 June 1904 Helen graduated from Radcliffe College, becoming the first deafblind person to earn a Bachelor of Arts degree.
John Macy became good friends with Helen and Anne, and in May 1905 John and Anne were married. Anne’s name now changed to Anne Sullivan Macy. The threelived together in Wrentham, Massachusetts, and during this time Helen wrote “The World I Live In”, revealing for the first time her thoughts on her world.It was also during this time that John Macy introduced her to a new and revolutionary way of viewing the world. And in 1909 Helen became a member of theSocialist Party of Massachusetts.
In 1913 “Out of the Dark” was published. This was a series of essays on socialism and its impact on Helen’s public image was immense. Everyone now knewHelen’s political views.
Helen tours the World
Helen and Anne filled the following years with lecture tours, speaking of her experiences and beliefs to enthralled crowds. Her talks were interpreted sentenceby sentence by Anne Sullivan, and were followed by question and answer sessions.
Although Helen and Anne made a good living from their lectures, by 1918 the demand for Helen’s lectures had diminished and they were touring with a morelight-hearted vaudeville show, which demonstrated Helen’s first understanding of the word “water”. These shows were hugely successful from the very firstperformance, a review of which read as follows:
“Helen Keller has conquered again, and the Monday afternoon audience at the Palace, one of the most critical and cynical in the World, was hers.”
At this time they were also offered the chance to make a film in Hollywood and they jumped at the opportunity. “Deliverance”, the story of Helen’s life,was made. Helen was, however, unhappy with the glamorous nature of the film and it unfortunately did not prove to be the financial success that they hadhoped for.
The vaudeville appearances continued with Helen answering a wide range of questions on her life and her politics and Anne translating Helen’s answers forthe enthralled audience. They were earning up to two thousand dollars a week, which was a considerable sum of money at the time.
In 1918 Helen, Anne and John moved to Forest Hills in New York. Helen used their new home as a base for her extensive fundraising tours for the AmericanFoundation for the Blind. She not only collected money, but also campaigned tirelessly to alleviate the living and working conditions of blind people,who at that time were usually badly educated and living in asylums. Her endeavours were a major factor in changing these conditions.
Helen’s mother Kate died in 1921 from an unknown illness, and this left Anne as the sole constant in Helen’s life. However that same year Anne fell illagain and this was followed in 1922 by a severe bout of bronchitis which left her unable to speak above a whisper and thus unable to work with Helen onstage anymore. At this point Polly Thomson, who had started working for Helen and Anne in 1914 as a secretary, took on the role of explaining Helen tothe theatre going public.
They also spent a lot of time touring the world raising money for blind people. In 1931 they met King George and Queen Mary at Buckingham Palace, who weresaid to be deeply impressed by Helen’s ability to understand what people said through touch.
All the while Anne’s health was getting worse, and with the news of the death of John Macy in 1932, although their marriage had broken up some years before,her spirit was finally broken. She died on 20 October 1936.
When Anne died, Helen and Polly moved to Arcan Ridge, in Westport, Connecticut, which would be Helen’s home for the rest of her life.
After World War II, Helen and Polly spent years travelling the world fundraising for the American Foundation for the Overseas Blind. They visited Japan,Australia, South America, Europe and Africa.
Whilst away during this time Helen and Polly learnt of the fire that destroyed their home at Arcan Ridge. Although the house would be rebuilt, as well asthe many mementoes that Helen and Polly lost, also destroyed was the latest book that Helen had been working on about Anne Sullivan, called “Teacher”.
It was also during this time that Polly Thomson’s health began to deteriorate and whilst in Japan she had a mild stroke. Doctors advised Polly to stop thecontinuous touring she and Helen did, and although initially they slowed down a bit, the touring continued once Polly had recovered.
In 1953 a documentary film “The Unconquered” was made about Helen’s life, this was to win an Academy Award as the best feature length documentary .It wasat the same time that Helen began work again on her book “Teacher”, some seven years after the original had been destroyed. The book was finally publishedin 1955.
Polly Thomson had a stroke in 1957, she was never to fully recover and died on March 21, 1960. Her ashes were deposited at the National Cathedral in WashingtonDC next to those of Anne Sullivan. It was the nurse who had been brought in to care for Polly in her last years, Winnie Corbally, who was to take careof Helen in her remaining years.
The Miracle Worker
It was in 1957 that “The Miracle Worker” was first performed. A drama portraying Anne Sullivan’s first success in communicating with Helen as a child, itfirst appeared as a live television play in the United States.
In 1959 it was re-written as a Broadway play and opened to rave reviews. It became a smash hit and ran for almost two years. In 1962 it was made into afilm and the actresses playing Anne and Helen both received Oscars for their performances.
Helen retires from public life
In October 1961 Helen suffered the first of a series of strokes, and her public life was to draw to a close. She was to spend her remaining years beingcared for at her home in Arcan Ridge.
Her last years were not however without excitement, and in 1964 Helen was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the nation’s highest civilian award,by President Lyndon Johnson. A year later she was elected to the Women’s Hall of Fame at the New York World’s Fair.
On June 1, 1968, at Arcan Ridge, Helen Keller died peacefully in her sleep. Helen was cremated in Bridgeport, Connecticut and a funeral service was heldat the National Cathedral in Washington DC where the urn containing her ashes would later be deposited next to those of Anne Sullivan and Polly Thomson.
Helen’s legacy
Today Helen’s final resting place is a popular tourist attraction and the bronze plaque erected to commemorate her life has the following inscription writtenin braille:
“Helen Keller and her beloved companion Anne Sullivan Macy are interred in the columbarium behind this chapel.”
So many people have visited the chapel, and touched the braille dots, that the plaque has already had to be replaced twice.
If Helen Keller were born today her life would undoubtedly have been completely different. Her life long dream was to be able to talk, something that shewas never really able to master. Today the teaching methods exist that would have helped Helen to realise this dream. What would Helen have made of thetechnology available today to blind and deafblind individuals? Technology that enables blind and deafblind people, like Helen, to communicate directly,and independently, with anybody in the world.
Helen Keller may not have been directly responsible for the development of these technologies and teaching methods. But with the help of Anne Sullivan,through her writings, lectures and the way she lived her life, she has shown millions of people that disability need not be the end of the world.
In Helen’s own words:
“The public must learn that the blind man is neither genius nor a freak nor an idiot. He has a mind that can be educated, a hand which can be trained, ambitionswhich it is right for him to strive to realise, and it is the duty of the public to help him make the best of himself so that he can win light throughwork.”
Further reading
RNIB’s Research Library
let us try to make Helen Kellers in Pakistan.
Kate Keller was a tall, statuesque blond with blue eyes. She was some twenty years younger than her husband Captain Keller, a loyal southerner who had proudlyserved in the Confederate Army during the American Civil War.
The house they lived in was a simple, white, clapboard house built in 1820 by Helen’s grandparents. At the time of Helen’s birth the family were far fromwealthy with Captain Keller earning a living as both a cotton plantation owner and the editor of a weekly local newspaper, the “North Alabamian”. Helen’smother, as well as working on the plantation, would save money by making her own butter, lard, bacon and ham.
Helen falls ill
But Helen’s life was to change dramatically. In February 1882, when Helen was nineteen months old, she fell ill. To this day the nature of her ailment remainsa mystery. The doctors of the time called it “brain fever”, whilst modern day doctors think it may have been scarlet fever or meningitis.
Whatever the illness, Helen was, for many days, expected to die. When, eventually, the fever subsided, Helen’s family rejoiced believing their daughterto be well again.
However, Helen’s mother soon noticed how her daughter was failing to respond when the dinner bell was rang or when she passed her hand in front of her daughter’seyes.
It thus became apparent that Helen’s illness had left her both blind and deaf.
The following few years proved very hard for Helen and her family. Helen became a very difficult child, smashing dishes and lamps and terrorising the wholehousehold with her screaming and temper tantrums. Relatives regarded her as a monster and thought she should be put into an institution.
By the time Helen was six her family had become desperate. Looking after Helen was proving too much for them. Kate Keller had read in Charles Dickens’ book“American Notes” of the fantastic work that had been done with another deaf and blind child, Laura Bridgman, and travelled to a specialist doctor in Baltimorefor advice. They were given confirmation that Helen would never see or hear again but were told not to give up hope, the doctor believed Helen could betaught and he advised them to visit a local expert on the problems of deaf children. This expert was Alexander Graham Bell, the inventor of the telephone,Bell was now concentrating on what he considered his true vocation, the teaching of deaf children.
Alexander Graham Bell suggested that the Kellers write to Michael Anagnos, director of the Perkins Institution and Massachusetts Asylum for the Blind, andrequest that he try and find a teacher for Helen. Michael Anagnos considered Helen’s case and immediately recommended a former pupil of the institution,that woman was Anne Sullivan.
Anne Sullivan
Anne Sullivan had lost the majority of her sight at the age of five. By the age of ten, her mother had died and her father deserted her. She and her brotherJimmie were sent to the poorhouse in February 1876.
Anne’s brother died in the poorhouse. It was October 1880 before Anne finally left and went to commence her education at the Perkins Institution. One summerduring her time at the institute, Anne had two operations on her eyes, which led to her regaining enough sight to be able to read normal print for shortperiods of time.
Anne graduated from Perkins in 1886 and began to search for work. Finding work was terribly difficult for Anne, due to her poor eyesight, and when she receivedthe offer from Michael Anagnos to work as the teacher of Helen Keller, a deaf-blind mute, although she had no experience in this area, she accepted willingly.
Helen meets Anne
On 3 March 1887 Anne arrived at the house in Tuscumbia and for the first time met Helen Keller. Anne immediately started teaching Helen to finger spell.Spelling out the word “Doll” to signify a present she had brought with her for Helen. The next word she taught Helen was “Cake”. Although Helen could repeatthese finger movements she could not quite understand what they meant. And while Anne was struggling trying to help her understand, she was also strugglingto try and control Helen’s continuing bad behaviour.
Anne and Helen moved into a small cottage on the land of the main house to try and get Helen to improve her behaviour. Of particular concern were Helen’stable manners. She had taken to eating with her hands and from the plates of everyone at the table.
Anne’s attempts to improve Helen’s table manners and make her brush her own hair and button her shoes led to more and more temper tantrums. Anne punishedthese tantrums by refusing to “talk” with Helen by spelling words on her hands.
Over the coming weeks, however, Helen’s behaviour did begin to improve as a bond grew between the two. Then, after a month of Anne’s teaching, what thepeople of the time called a “miracle” occurred.
Helen had until now not yet fully understood the meaning of words. When Anne led her to the water pump on 5 April 1887, all that was about to change.
As Anne pumped the water over Helen’s hand , Anne spelled out the word water in the girl’s free hand. Something about this explained the meaning of wordswithin Helen, and Anne could immediately see in her face that she finally understood.
Helen later recounted the incident:
“We walked down the path to the well-house, attracted by the fragrance of the honey-suckle with which it was covered. Someone was drawing water and my teacherplaced my hand under the spout. As the cool stream gushed over one hand she spelled into the other the word water, first slowly, then rapidly. I stoodstill, my whole attention fixed upon the motions of her fingers. Suddenly I felt a misty consciousness as of something forgotten, a thrill of returningthought, and somehow the mystery of language was revealed to me.”
Helen immediately asked Anne for the name of the pump to be spelt on her hand and then the name of the trellis. All the way back to the house Helen learnedthe name of everything she touched and also asked for Anne’s name. Anne spelled the name “Teacher” on Helen’s hand. Within the next few hours Helen learntthe spelling of thirty new words.
Helen’s progress from then on was astonishing. Her ability to learn was far in advance of anything that anybody had seen before in someone without sightor hearing. It wasn’t long before Anne was teaching Helen to read, firstly with raised letters and later with braille, and to write with both ordinaryand braille typewriters.
Michael Anagnos was keen to promote Helen, one of the numerous articles on her that he wrote said of Helen that “she is a phenomenon”. These articles ledto a wave of publicity about Helen with pictures of her reading Shakespeare or stroking her dog appearing in national newspapers.
Helen had become famous, and as well as again visiting Alexander Graham Bell, she visited President Cleveland at the White House. By 1890 she was livingat the Perkins Institute and being taught by Anne. In March of that year Helen met Mary Swift Lamson who over the coming year was to try and teach Helento speak. This was something that Helen desperately wanted and although she learned to understand what somebody else was saying by touching their lipsand throat, her efforts to speak herself proved at this stage to be unsuccessful. This was later attributed to the fact that Helen’s vocal chords werenot properly trained prior to her being taught to speak.
The Frost King
On 4 November 1891 Helen sent Michael Anagnos a birthday gift of a short story she had written called “The Frost King”. Anagnos was so delighted with thestory that he had soon published it in a magazine hailing its importance in literary history.
However, it was soon discovered that Helen’s story was the same as one called “The Frost Fairies” by Margaret Canby. This was ultimately to be the end ofHelen and Anne’s friendship with Michael Anagnos. He felt he had been made to appear foolish by what he considered to be Helen’s deception.
There had to be an investigation and it was discovered that Helen had previously been read the story some years before and had obviously remembered it.Helen always claimed not to recall the original story and it should always be remembered that Helen was still only 11 years old, however, this incidentcreated a rift that would never heal between Helen, Anne and Anagnos. It also created great doubt in Helen’s own mind as to whether any of her thoughtswere truly her own.
In 1894 Helen and Anne met John D Wright and Dr Thomas Humason who were planning to set up a school to teach speech to the deaf in New York City. Helenand Anne were very excited by this and the assurances of the two men that Helen’s speech could be improved excited them further. Helen thus agreed to attendthe Wright-Humason School for the Deaf.
Unfortunately though, Helen’s speech never really improved beyond the sounds that only Anne and others very close to her could understand.
Helen enters Radcliffe College
Helen moved on to the Cambridge School for Young Ladies in 1896 and in the Autumn of 1900 entered Radcliffe College, becoming the first deafblind personto have ever enrolled at an institution of higher learning.
Life at Radcliffe was very difficult for Helen and Anne, and the huge amount of work involved led to deterioration in Anne’s eyesight. During their timeat the College Helen began to write about her life. She would write the story both in braille and on a normal typewriter. It was at this time that Helenand Anne met with John Albert Macy who was to help edit Helen’s first book “The Story of My Life” which was published in 1903 and although it sold poorlyat first it has since become a classic.
On 28 June 1904 Helen graduated from Radcliffe College, becoming the first deafblind person to earn a Bachelor of Arts degree.
John Macy became good friends with Helen and Anne, and in May 1905 John and Anne were married. Anne’s name now changed to Anne Sullivan Macy. The threelived together in Wrentham, Massachusetts, and during this time Helen wrote “The World I Live In”, revealing for the first time her thoughts on her world.It was also during this time that John Macy introduced her to a new and revolutionary way of viewing the world. And in 1909 Helen became a member of theSocialist Party of Massachusetts.
In 1913 “Out of the Dark” was published. This was a series of essays on socialism and its impact on Helen’s public image was immense. Everyone now knewHelen’s political views.
Helen tours the World
Helen and Anne filled the following years with lecture tours, speaking of her experiences and beliefs to enthralled crowds. Her talks were interpreted sentenceby sentence by Anne Sullivan, and were followed by question and answer sessions.
Although Helen and Anne made a good living from their lectures, by 1918 the demand for Helen’s lectures had diminished and they were touring with a morelight-hearted vaudeville show, which demonstrated Helen’s first understanding of the word “water”. These shows were hugely successful from the very firstperformance, a review of which read as follows:
“Helen Keller has conquered again, and the Monday afternoon audience at the Palace, one of the most critical and cynical in the World, was hers.”
At this time they were also offered the chance to make a film in Hollywood and they jumped at the opportunity. “Deliverance”, the story of Helen’s life,was made. Helen was, however, unhappy with the glamorous nature of the film and it unfortunately did not prove to be the financial success that they hadhoped for.
The vaudeville appearances continued with Helen answering a wide range of questions on her life and her politics and Anne translating Helen’s answers forthe enthralled audience. They were earning up to two thousand dollars a week, which was a considerable sum of money at the time.
In 1918 Helen, Anne and John moved to Forest Hills in New York. Helen used their new home as a base for her extensive fundraising tours for the AmericanFoundation for the Blind. She not only collected money, but also campaigned tirelessly to alleviate the living and working conditions of blind people,who at that time were usually badly educated and living in asylums. Her endeavours were a major factor in changing these conditions.
Helen’s mother Kate died in 1921 from an unknown illness, and this left Anne as the sole constant in Helen’s life. However that same year Anne fell illagain and this was followed in 1922 by a severe bout of bronchitis which left her unable to speak above a whisper and thus unable to work with Helen onstage anymore. At this point Polly Thomson, who had started working for Helen and Anne in 1914 as a secretary, took on the role of explaining Helen tothe theatre going public.
They also spent a lot of time touring the world raising money for blind people. In 1931 they met King George and Queen Mary at Buckingham Palace, who weresaid to be deeply impressed by Helen’s ability to understand what people said through touch.
All the while Anne’s health was getting worse, and with the news of the death of John Macy in 1932, although their marriage had broken up some years before,her spirit was finally broken. She died on 20 October 1936.
When Anne died, Helen and Polly moved to Arcan Ridge, in Westport, Connecticut, which would be Helen’s home for the rest of her life.
After World War II, Helen and Polly spent years travelling the world fundraising for the American Foundation for the Overseas Blind. They visited Japan,Australia, South America, Europe and Africa.
Whilst away during this time Helen and Polly learnt of the fire that destroyed their home at Arcan Ridge. Although the house would be rebuilt, as well asthe many mementoes that Helen and Polly lost, also destroyed was the latest book that Helen had been working on about Anne Sullivan, called “Teacher”.
It was also during this time that Polly Thomson’s health began to deteriorate and whilst in Japan she had a mild stroke. Doctors advised Polly to stop thecontinuous touring she and Helen did, and although initially they slowed down a bit, the touring continued once Polly had recovered.
In 1953 a documentary film “The Unconquered” was made about Helen’s life, this was to win an Academy Award as the best feature length documentary .It wasat the same time that Helen began work again on her book “Teacher”, some seven years after the original had been destroyed. The book was finally publishedin 1955.
Polly Thomson had a stroke in 1957, she was never to fully recover and died on March 21, 1960. Her ashes were deposited at the National Cathedral in WashingtonDC next to those of Anne Sullivan. It was the nurse who had been brought in to care for Polly in her last years, Winnie Corbally, who was to take careof Helen in her remaining years.
The Miracle Worker
It was in 1957 that “The Miracle Worker” was first performed. A drama portraying Anne Sullivan’s first success in communicating with Helen as a child, itfirst appeared as a live television play in the United States.
In 1959 it was re-written as a Broadway play and opened to rave reviews. It became a smash hit and ran for almost two years. In 1962 it was made into afilm and the actresses playing Anne and Helen both received Oscars for their performances.
Helen retires from public life
In October 1961 Helen suffered the first of a series of strokes, and her public life was to draw to a close. She was to spend her remaining years beingcared for at her home in Arcan Ridge.
Her last years were not however without excitement, and in 1964 Helen was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the nation’s highest civilian award,by President Lyndon Johnson. A year later she was elected to the Women’s Hall of Fame at the New York World’s Fair.
On June 1, 1968, at Arcan Ridge, Helen Keller died peacefully in her sleep. Helen was cremated in Bridgeport, Connecticut and a funeral service was heldat the National Cathedral in Washington DC where the urn containing her ashes would later be deposited next to those of Anne Sullivan and Polly Thomson.
Helen’s legacy
Today Helen’s final resting place is a popular tourist attraction and the bronze plaque erected to commemorate her life has the following inscription writtenin braille:
“Helen Keller and her beloved companion Anne Sullivan Macy are interred in the columbarium behind this chapel.”
So many people have visited the chapel, and touched the braille dots, that the plaque has already had to be replaced twice.
If Helen Keller were born today her life would undoubtedly have been completely different. Her life long dream was to be able to talk, something that shewas never really able to master. Today the teaching methods exist that would have helped Helen to realise this dream. What would Helen have made of thetechnology available today to blind and deafblind individuals? Technology that enables blind and deafblind people, like Helen, to communicate directly,and independently, with anybody in the world.
Helen Keller may not have been directly responsible for the development of these technologies and teaching methods. But with the help of Anne Sullivan,through her writings, lectures and the way she lived her life, she has shown millions of people that disability need not be the end of the world.
In Helen’s own words:
“The public must learn that the blind man is neither genius nor a freak nor an idiot. He has a mind that can be educated, a hand which can be trained, ambitionswhich it is right for him to strive to realise, and it is the duty of the public to help him make the best of himself so that he can win light throughwork.”
Further reading
RNIB’s Research Library
let us try to make Helen Kellers in Pakistan.
Monday, October 22, 2007
Mr. Mehta
[PBCU] 'With help from tech, you can make it big anywhere' table end
Go to previous message Go to next message Delete Inbox
With the current churn in the technology space, the pace can get really hectic for a human resource professional in a technology firm. But Rajesh Mehtahas taken it in his stride. Attending conferences, giving presentations and training 100s of fresh recruits is all part of a days work for him.
Mehta, career development manager with IBM India, went blind at age eight, but you wouldn’t know it judging from his work—which is exactly how he wantsit. Using the text-based Lynx browser, Mobile Speak, and a JAWS (Job Access With Voice) screen reader to read out the screen, Mehta currently handles trainingsessions that are dense with information for new recruits.
Mehta denies any special credit. “There are many other colleagues of mine, here in IBM itself, who are doing brilliant work despite being visually impaired,â€he says.
With a little help from technology and of course the drive and confidence, visual impairment need not be a hurdle to grow in the corporate world. “Thereare technologies available that can provide an equal opportunity in any profession,†says Kanchan Pamnani, a solicitor with the Mumbai High court, whois also visually impaired.
Screen readers: Screen reader software like Job Access With Speech (www.freedomscientific.com/fs_products/software_jaws.asp) read out aloud everythingthat is on the monitor, thus ensuring effective computer navigation. JAWS is probably one of the more robust solutions available for screen reading, thoughat $1,000 (approx Rs 39,590) it’s probably also the most expensive.
There are other cheaper options such as Screen Access For All (safa.sourceforge.net) which comes with a free basic version and an Indian language patchcalled Vachak.
OCR software: To read printed paper, you can use a scanner and an optical character recognition (OCR) software. All you need to do is, scan the printedpage and then run it through an OCR software, which will then store a digital version of the copy that you can edit. One such tool is Kurzweil 1000 OCR(blinksoft.biz/products/ocr/ kurzweil.html). It will also let you make a copy into Braille.
Mobile screen readers: To navigate through a mobile phone, Pamnani uses Mobile Speak (www.codefactory.es/mobile_speak/mspeak.htm) —it reads out everythingon your phone.
Audio book readers: There are plenty of audio books available on the internet which can be downloaded and loaded on MP3 players. You can then listen tothem at leisure. Browsing the net and the TV: Lynx browser (lynx.browser.org) edits web pages and displays them in text-only mode. You can then use a screenreader to browse the internet. Likewise, Sara Reading machine is a stand-alone reading machine which you can connect to a TV. It can also magnify printedmaterial.
Braille programs: There are several electronic and mechanical tools that help students type notes in Braille. Tools like TGD PRO (www. duxburysystems.com/tgd.asp?choice=pro)help in drawing computerised Braille diagrams. Handy they might be, but these tools usually come with a heavy price tag, says Sam Taraporevala, director,Xavier’s Resource Centre for the Visually Challenged (XRCVC), who himself has successfully battled visual problems. “Many companies are ready to employvisually impaired people. Unfortunately, due to a lack of knowledge of the technology available, or a lack of access to these tools, the number of employablepeople is still very limited,†says Taraporevala. XRCVC gives free access to these tools and increases awareness through seminars that bring togethersuccessful people who have battled visual disability. The organisation is also involved in building products to facilitate day-to-day activities for thevisually impaired. One such project is a thumbprint recognition software for cheques, which they are developing with CMC. This will allow the visuallyimpaired to use cheques while banking. There are many similar projects in the pipeline, says Taraporevala, "I just want (visually impaired) people to knowthat there are diverse professions available for them—it’s not just about candle making and telephone operators. With a bit of help from technologyand the right training you can make it big in any profession today."
__________________________________________________________ Sign up for FREE email from World Association of Persons with disAbilities at http://www.wapd.org
Go to previous message Go to next message Delete Inbox
With the current churn in the technology space, the pace can get really hectic for a human resource professional in a technology firm. But Rajesh Mehtahas taken it in his stride. Attending conferences, giving presentations and training 100s of fresh recruits is all part of a days work for him.
Mehta, career development manager with IBM India, went blind at age eight, but you wouldn’t know it judging from his work—which is exactly how he wantsit. Using the text-based Lynx browser, Mobile Speak, and a JAWS (Job Access With Voice) screen reader to read out the screen, Mehta currently handles trainingsessions that are dense with information for new recruits.
Mehta denies any special credit. “There are many other colleagues of mine, here in IBM itself, who are doing brilliant work despite being visually impaired,â€he says.
With a little help from technology and of course the drive and confidence, visual impairment need not be a hurdle to grow in the corporate world. “Thereare technologies available that can provide an equal opportunity in any profession,†says Kanchan Pamnani, a solicitor with the Mumbai High court, whois also visually impaired.
Screen readers: Screen reader software like Job Access With Speech (www.freedomscientific.com/fs_products/software_jaws.asp) read out aloud everythingthat is on the monitor, thus ensuring effective computer navigation. JAWS is probably one of the more robust solutions available for screen reading, thoughat $1,000 (approx Rs 39,590) it’s probably also the most expensive.
There are other cheaper options such as Screen Access For All (safa.sourceforge.net) which comes with a free basic version and an Indian language patchcalled Vachak.
OCR software: To read printed paper, you can use a scanner and an optical character recognition (OCR) software. All you need to do is, scan the printedpage and then run it through an OCR software, which will then store a digital version of the copy that you can edit. One such tool is Kurzweil 1000 OCR(blinksoft.biz/products/ocr/ kurzweil.html). It will also let you make a copy into Braille.
Mobile screen readers: To navigate through a mobile phone, Pamnani uses Mobile Speak (www.codefactory.es/mobile_speak/mspeak.htm) —it reads out everythingon your phone.
Audio book readers: There are plenty of audio books available on the internet which can be downloaded and loaded on MP3 players. You can then listen tothem at leisure. Browsing the net and the TV: Lynx browser (lynx.browser.org) edits web pages and displays them in text-only mode. You can then use a screenreader to browse the internet. Likewise, Sara Reading machine is a stand-alone reading machine which you can connect to a TV. It can also magnify printedmaterial.
Braille programs: There are several electronic and mechanical tools that help students type notes in Braille. Tools like TGD PRO (www. duxburysystems.com/tgd.asp?choice=pro)help in drawing computerised Braille diagrams. Handy they might be, but these tools usually come with a heavy price tag, says Sam Taraporevala, director,Xavier’s Resource Centre for the Visually Challenged (XRCVC), who himself has successfully battled visual problems. “Many companies are ready to employvisually impaired people. Unfortunately, due to a lack of knowledge of the technology available, or a lack of access to these tools, the number of employablepeople is still very limited,†says Taraporevala. XRCVC gives free access to these tools and increases awareness through seminars that bring togethersuccessful people who have battled visual disability. The organisation is also involved in building products to facilitate day-to-day activities for thevisually impaired. One such project is a thumbprint recognition software for cheques, which they are developing with CMC. This will allow the visuallyimpaired to use cheques while banking. There are many similar projects in the pipeline, says Taraporevala, "I just want (visually impaired) people to knowthat there are diverse professions available for them—it’s not just about candle making and telephone operators. With a bit of help from technologyand the right training you can make it big in any profession today."
__________________________________________________________ Sign up for FREE email from World Association of Persons with disAbilities at http://www.wapd.org
Thursday, October 18, 2007
its HJ again! again!
It is Henter Joyce Again……………..
These columns have featured, in several past issues about JAWS (the software for the visually impaired persons), and its creator Henter Joyce. The JAWS software is an excellent tool for the visually impaired persons and to limited extent provides guidance for colours and graphics, but very limited for supporting use of Computer for Mathemetics, Algebra and Trignometry. The new product I am going to describe below, handles addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.
Future versions will do higher levels of math, like algebra, trigonometry, differential equations, and calculus.
Virtual Pencil is computer software that is used to interactively solve math problems. It is designed for those who are pencil impaired: unable to operate a pencil effectively. This is not a tutorial, although tutorial mode is part of the package. Think of it as a virtual pencil, a tool that can be used to solve a math problem. It moves to the right spot on the "paper", guided by the user, and inputs the answers that the user selects.
Today I am presenting the “The Virtual Pencil Story” by Henter Joyce. I have acquired the software and am currently working on it. I will in future issues give more details about this new software.
The traditional pencil is a problem for people that are blind, or people that can't grip it or move it, or those that are learning disabled. A pencil plays a key part in learning Math, and other equation-solving disciplines. Typically a student uses a pencil to "work through" a math problem, writing down the intermediate answers and using them to get the final answer. But if you can't operate a pencil then you can't write down the intermediate answers, which makes it very difficult to use them in acquiring the final answer, and does not leave anything on the paper to show that you actually worked through the problem and you know how to solve it.Ted was helping her junior high school daughter with her homework a few years ago. Ted could do the math in his head, but he could not show her how to do it. Ted is blind, and his the girl is sighted. It was a very frustrating experience for both of them. That is when Ted realized that the problem lies with the pencil, or his inability to operate it. Ted received his math education when he was sighted, and skipped the frustration that must impact every blind student. And their teachers and parents.Why not have a computer program that the student can control with the keyboard, or voice commands, that simulates the function of a pencil? A smart pencil that knows where to put the intermediate answers, where to put the final answers, and where to get the raw numbers that are used to get these answers?This idea was patented in 1997, and is now called the Virtual Pencil.Sample Session using the Virtual PencilA typical addition problem goes like this:We are adding two numbers together, three digits each. They appear on the computer screen one above the other, just like you would write it on a piece of paper. Before we get to the test mode, maybe a tutoring session would be helpful? When in Tutor Mode the VIRTUALPENCIL will guide the student through the appropriate steps, telling him where he is, moving to the next input area, what action needs to be taken, and checking the answers. Here is a problem using Tutor mode:User: "location"VIRTUALPENCIL: "summation row ones column" (the cursor is below the ones column, ready for the first intermediate answer)User: "Tutor" (asks for the tutor information, the numbers)VIRTUALPENCIL: "3+9"User: "2" (enters the 2 in the ones column)User: "Next" (moves to the next step, the carry area above the tens column)VIRTUALPENCIL: "carry area tens column"User: "1" (enters the 1 above the tens column)User: "Next" (goes to the next step)VIRTUALPENCIL: "summation row tens column" (speaks the location)User: "tutor" (asks for the numbers in the tens column)VIRTUALPENCIL: "1+4+8" (gives the carry digit first)User: "3" (enters the 3 in the tens column)User: "next"VIRTUALPENCIL: "carry area hundreds column""1" (enters the 1 above the hundreds column)User: "next"VIRTUALPENCIL: "summation row hundreds column"User: "tutor"VIRTUALPENCIL: "1+9+6"User: "6" (enters the 6 below the column)User: "next"VIRTUALPENCIL: "carry area thousands column"User: "1" (enters the 1 above the column)User: "next"VIRTUALPENCIL: "summation row thousands column"User: "tutor" (asks for the numbers in the column)VIRTUALPENCIL: "1+ blank + blank" (there were no digits in the thousands column, just the carry digit)User: "1" (enters the digit)User: "Answer" (asks for the answer which is now displayed in the summation row)VIRTUALPENCIL: "1632, Correct!"Since we are in Tutor mode the VIRTUALPENCIL will tell you if it is correct.Now lets try the same problem in Test mode. The student must know how and where to navigate the cursor, because the "next" command will not work in this mode. The "tutor" command doesn't work either, so the student must know where to find the numbers and how to read them. A screen reader is being used, so as the cursor is moved around the problem it is also speaking the numbers that appear on the screen.User: locationVIRTUALPENCIL: "summation row ones column" (the cursor is below the ones column, ready for the first intermediate answer)User: "page up", "down arrow", down arrow", "down arrow" (goes to the top of the column and reads down to hear each number)VIRTUALPENCIL: 3+9User: "2" (enters the 2 in the ones column)User: "Left" (moves left one column, to the tens column)User: "Page up" (moves to the carry area tens column)User: "1" (enters the 1 above the tens column)User: "down arrow", "down arrow", "down arrow" (reads down through the column)VIRTUALPENCIL: 1+4+8 (gives the carry digit first)User: "3" (enters the 3 below the tens column)User: "Left" (moves left one column, to the hundreds column)User: "Page up" (moves to the carry area)User: "1" (enters the 1 above the hundreds column)User: "down arrow", "down arrow", "down arrow" (reads down through the column)VIRTUALPENCIL: "1+9+6"User: "6" (enters the 6 in the hundreds column)User: "Left" (moves left to the thousands column)User: "Page up" (moves to the carry area)User: "1" (enters the 1 above the column)User: "down arrow", "down arrow", "down arrow" (reads down through the column)VIRTUALPENCIL: "1+ blank + blank" (there were no digits in the thousands column, just the carry digit)User: "1" (enters the digit)Answer (asks for the answer which is now displayed in the summation row)VIRTUALPENCIL: "1632" (We are in Test mode, so it does not tell you if you are right or wrong.)The commands used in this example, like "left", "page-up", and "down arrow" are keyboard commands. They can also be thought of as voice commands, using a third-party voice recognition module. The VIRTUALPENCIL's responses can be spoken out loud, displayed in Braille, and/or displayed visually on the screen. This is a "test mode" example, the student controlled the computer as if it were a pencil, he knew where to go, what data to ask for, and where to put the input. The student already knew how to operate the Virtual Pencil and how to solve the problem.The teacher can prepare the fest, or homework assignment, and send it to the computer. When the assignment is finished the student can tell his computer to send it back. It can be emailed, printed, or handed in on diskette. In time we will have predefined sets of problems that coincide with popular text books, for homework exercises or tests. The student, or parent, can also make up their own practice problems.(This article contains matter extracted from the Henter Joyce web site).
It is Henter Joyce Again……………..
These columns have featured, in several past issues about JAWS (the software for the visually impaired persons), and its creator Henter Joyce. The JAWS software is an excellent tool for the visually impaired persons and to limited extent provides guidance for colours and graphics, but very limited for supporting use of Computer for Mathemetics, Algebra and Trignometry. The new product I am going to describe below, handles addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.
Future versions will do higher levels of math, like algebra, trigonometry, differential equations, and calculus.
Virtual Pencil is computer software that is used to interactively solve math problems. It is designed for those who are pencil impaired: unable to operate a pencil effectively. This is not a tutorial, although tutorial mode is part of the package. Think of it as a virtual pencil, a tool that can be used to solve a math problem. It moves to the right spot on the "paper", guided by the user, and inputs the answers that the user selects.
Today I am presenting the “The Virtual Pencil Story” by Henter Joyce. I have acquired the software and am currently working on it. I will in future issues give more details about this new software.
The traditional pencil is a problem for people that are blind, or people that can't grip it or move it, or those that are learning disabled. A pencil plays a key part in learning Math, and other equation-solving disciplines. Typically a student uses a pencil to "work through" a math problem, writing down the intermediate answers and using them to get the final answer. But if you can't operate a pencil then you can't write down the intermediate answers, which makes it very difficult to use them in acquiring the final answer, and does not leave anything on the paper to show that you actually worked through the problem and you know how to solve it.Ted was helping her junior high school daughter with her homework a few years ago. Ted could do the math in his head, but he could not show her how to do it. Ted is blind, and his the girl is sighted. It was a very frustrating experience for both of them. That is when Ted realized that the problem lies with the pencil, or his inability to operate it. Ted received his math education when he was sighted, and skipped the frustration that must impact every blind student. And their teachers and parents.Why not have a computer program that the student can control with the keyboard, or voice commands, that simulates the function of a pencil? A smart pencil that knows where to put the intermediate answers, where to put the final answers, and where to get the raw numbers that are used to get these answers?This idea was patented in 1997, and is now called the Virtual Pencil.Sample Session using the Virtual PencilA typical addition problem goes like this:We are adding two numbers together, three digits each. They appear on the computer screen one above the other, just like you would write it on a piece of paper. Before we get to the test mode, maybe a tutoring session would be helpful? When in Tutor Mode the VIRTUALPENCIL will guide the student through the appropriate steps, telling him where he is, moving to the next input area, what action needs to be taken, and checking the answers. Here is a problem using Tutor mode:User: "location"VIRTUALPENCIL: "summation row ones column" (the cursor is below the ones column, ready for the first intermediate answer)User: "Tutor" (asks for the tutor information, the numbers)VIRTUALPENCIL: "3+9"User: "2" (enters the 2 in the ones column)User: "Next" (moves to the next step, the carry area above the tens column)VIRTUALPENCIL: "carry area tens column"User: "1" (enters the 1 above the tens column)User: "Next" (goes to the next step)VIRTUALPENCIL: "summation row tens column" (speaks the location)User: "tutor" (asks for the numbers in the tens column)VIRTUALPENCIL: "1+4+8" (gives the carry digit first)User: "3" (enters the 3 in the tens column)User: "next"VIRTUALPENCIL: "carry area hundreds column""1" (enters the 1 above the hundreds column)User: "next"VIRTUALPENCIL: "summation row hundreds column"User: "tutor"VIRTUALPENCIL: "1+9+6"User: "6" (enters the 6 below the column)User: "next"VIRTUALPENCIL: "carry area thousands column"User: "1" (enters the 1 above the column)User: "next"VIRTUALPENCIL: "summation row thousands column"User: "tutor" (asks for the numbers in the column)VIRTUALPENCIL: "1+ blank + blank" (there were no digits in the thousands column, just the carry digit)User: "1" (enters the digit)User: "Answer" (asks for the answer which is now displayed in the summation row)VIRTUALPENCIL: "1632, Correct!"Since we are in Tutor mode the VIRTUALPENCIL will tell you if it is correct.Now lets try the same problem in Test mode. The student must know how and where to navigate the cursor, because the "next" command will not work in this mode. The "tutor" command doesn't work either, so the student must know where to find the numbers and how to read them. A screen reader is being used, so as the cursor is moved around the problem it is also speaking the numbers that appear on the screen.User: locationVIRTUALPENCIL: "summation row ones column" (the cursor is below the ones column, ready for the first intermediate answer)User: "page up", "down arrow", down arrow", "down arrow" (goes to the top of the column and reads down to hear each number)VIRTUALPENCIL: 3+9User: "2" (enters the 2 in the ones column)User: "Left" (moves left one column, to the tens column)User: "Page up" (moves to the carry area tens column)User: "1" (enters the 1 above the tens column)User: "down arrow", "down arrow", "down arrow" (reads down through the column)VIRTUALPENCIL: 1+4+8 (gives the carry digit first)User: "3" (enters the 3 below the tens column)User: "Left" (moves left one column, to the hundreds column)User: "Page up" (moves to the carry area)User: "1" (enters the 1 above the hundreds column)User: "down arrow", "down arrow", "down arrow" (reads down through the column)VIRTUALPENCIL: "1+9+6"User: "6" (enters the 6 in the hundreds column)User: "Left" (moves left to the thousands column)User: "Page up" (moves to the carry area)User: "1" (enters the 1 above the column)User: "down arrow", "down arrow", "down arrow" (reads down through the column)VIRTUALPENCIL: "1+ blank + blank" (there were no digits in the thousands column, just the carry digit)User: "1" (enters the digit)Answer (asks for the answer which is now displayed in the summation row)VIRTUALPENCIL: "1632" (We are in Test mode, so it does not tell you if you are right or wrong.)The commands used in this example, like "left", "page-up", and "down arrow" are keyboard commands. They can also be thought of as voice commands, using a third-party voice recognition module. The VIRTUALPENCIL's responses can be spoken out loud, displayed in Braille, and/or displayed visually on the screen. This is a "test mode" example, the student controlled the computer as if it were a pencil, he knew where to go, what data to ask for, and where to put the input. The student already knew how to operate the Virtual Pencil and how to solve the problem.The teacher can prepare the test, or homework assignment, and send it to the computer. When the assignment is finished the student can tell his computer to send it back. It can be emailed, printed, or handed in on diskette. In time we will have predefined sets of problems that coincide with popular text books, for homework exercises or tests. The student, or parent, can also make up their own practice problems.(This article contains matter extracted from the Henter Joyce web site).
These columns have featured, in several past issues about JAWS (the software for the visually impaired persons), and its creator Henter Joyce. The JAWS software is an excellent tool for the visually impaired persons and to limited extent provides guidance for colours and graphics, but very limited for supporting use of Computer for Mathemetics, Algebra and Trignometry. The new product I am going to describe below, handles addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.
Future versions will do higher levels of math, like algebra, trigonometry, differential equations, and calculus.
Virtual Pencil is computer software that is used to interactively solve math problems. It is designed for those who are pencil impaired: unable to operate a pencil effectively. This is not a tutorial, although tutorial mode is part of the package. Think of it as a virtual pencil, a tool that can be used to solve a math problem. It moves to the right spot on the "paper", guided by the user, and inputs the answers that the user selects.
Today I am presenting the “The Virtual Pencil Story” by Henter Joyce. I have acquired the software and am currently working on it. I will in future issues give more details about this new software.
The traditional pencil is a problem for people that are blind, or people that can't grip it or move it, or those that are learning disabled. A pencil plays a key part in learning Math, and other equation-solving disciplines. Typically a student uses a pencil to "work through" a math problem, writing down the intermediate answers and using them to get the final answer. But if you can't operate a pencil then you can't write down the intermediate answers, which makes it very difficult to use them in acquiring the final answer, and does not leave anything on the paper to show that you actually worked through the problem and you know how to solve it.Ted was helping her junior high school daughter with her homework a few years ago. Ted could do the math in his head, but he could not show her how to do it. Ted is blind, and his the girl is sighted. It was a very frustrating experience for both of them. That is when Ted realized that the problem lies with the pencil, or his inability to operate it. Ted received his math education when he was sighted, and skipped the frustration that must impact every blind student. And their teachers and parents.Why not have a computer program that the student can control with the keyboard, or voice commands, that simulates the function of a pencil? A smart pencil that knows where to put the intermediate answers, where to put the final answers, and where to get the raw numbers that are used to get these answers?This idea was patented in 1997, and is now called the Virtual Pencil.Sample Session using the Virtual PencilA typical addition problem goes like this:We are adding two numbers together, three digits each. They appear on the computer screen one above the other, just like you would write it on a piece of paper. Before we get to the test mode, maybe a tutoring session would be helpful? When in Tutor Mode the VIRTUALPENCIL will guide the student through the appropriate steps, telling him where he is, moving to the next input area, what action needs to be taken, and checking the answers. Here is a problem using Tutor mode:User: "location"VIRTUALPENCIL: "summation row ones column" (the cursor is below the ones column, ready for the first intermediate answer)User: "Tutor" (asks for the tutor information, the numbers)VIRTUALPENCIL: "3+9"User: "2" (enters the 2 in the ones column)User: "Next" (moves to the next step, the carry area above the tens column)VIRTUALPENCIL: "carry area tens column"User: "1" (enters the 1 above the tens column)User: "Next" (goes to the next step)VIRTUALPENCIL: "summation row tens column" (speaks the location)User: "tutor" (asks for the numbers in the tens column)VIRTUALPENCIL: "1+4+8" (gives the carry digit first)User: "3" (enters the 3 in the tens column)User: "next"VIRTUALPENCIL: "carry area hundreds column""1" (enters the 1 above the hundreds column)User: "next"VIRTUALPENCIL: "summation row hundreds column"User: "tutor"VIRTUALPENCIL: "1+9+6"User: "6" (enters the 6 below the column)User: "next"VIRTUALPENCIL: "carry area thousands column"User: "1" (enters the 1 above the column)User: "next"VIRTUALPENCIL: "summation row thousands column"User: "tutor" (asks for the numbers in the column)VIRTUALPENCIL: "1+ blank + blank" (there were no digits in the thousands column, just the carry digit)User: "1" (enters the digit)User: "Answer" (asks for the answer which is now displayed in the summation row)VIRTUALPENCIL: "1632, Correct!"Since we are in Tutor mode the VIRTUALPENCIL will tell you if it is correct.Now lets try the same problem in Test mode. The student must know how and where to navigate the cursor, because the "next" command will not work in this mode. The "tutor" command doesn't work either, so the student must know where to find the numbers and how to read them. A screen reader is being used, so as the cursor is moved around the problem it is also speaking the numbers that appear on the screen.User: locationVIRTUALPENCIL: "summation row ones column" (the cursor is below the ones column, ready for the first intermediate answer)User: "page up", "down arrow", down arrow", "down arrow" (goes to the top of the column and reads down to hear each number)VIRTUALPENCIL: 3+9User: "2" (enters the 2 in the ones column)User: "Left" (moves left one column, to the tens column)User: "Page up" (moves to the carry area tens column)User: "1" (enters the 1 above the tens column)User: "down arrow", "down arrow", "down arrow" (reads down through the column)VIRTUALPENCIL: 1+4+8 (gives the carry digit first)User: "3" (enters the 3 below the tens column)User: "Left" (moves left one column, to the hundreds column)User: "Page up" (moves to the carry area)User: "1" (enters the 1 above the hundreds column)User: "down arrow", "down arrow", "down arrow" (reads down through the column)VIRTUALPENCIL: "1+9+6"User: "6" (enters the 6 in the hundreds column)User: "Left" (moves left to the thousands column)User: "Page up" (moves to the carry area)User: "1" (enters the 1 above the column)User: "down arrow", "down arrow", "down arrow" (reads down through the column)VIRTUALPENCIL: "1+ blank + blank" (there were no digits in the thousands column, just the carry digit)User: "1" (enters the digit)Answer (asks for the answer which is now displayed in the summation row)VIRTUALPENCIL: "1632" (We are in Test mode, so it does not tell you if you are right or wrong.)The commands used in this example, like "left", "page-up", and "down arrow" are keyboard commands. They can also be thought of as voice commands, using a third-party voice recognition module. The VIRTUALPENCIL's responses can be spoken out loud, displayed in Braille, and/or displayed visually on the screen. This is a "test mode" example, the student controlled the computer as if it were a pencil, he knew where to go, what data to ask for, and where to put the input. The student already knew how to operate the Virtual Pencil and how to solve the problem.The teacher can prepare the fest, or homework assignment, and send it to the computer. When the assignment is finished the student can tell his computer to send it back. It can be emailed, printed, or handed in on diskette. In time we will have predefined sets of problems that coincide with popular text books, for homework exercises or tests. The student, or parent, can also make up their own practice problems.(This article contains matter extracted from the Henter Joyce web site).
It is Henter Joyce Again……………..
These columns have featured, in several past issues about JAWS (the software for the visually impaired persons), and its creator Henter Joyce. The JAWS software is an excellent tool for the visually impaired persons and to limited extent provides guidance for colours and graphics, but very limited for supporting use of Computer for Mathemetics, Algebra and Trignometry. The new product I am going to describe below, handles addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.
Future versions will do higher levels of math, like algebra, trigonometry, differential equations, and calculus.
Virtual Pencil is computer software that is used to interactively solve math problems. It is designed for those who are pencil impaired: unable to operate a pencil effectively. This is not a tutorial, although tutorial mode is part of the package. Think of it as a virtual pencil, a tool that can be used to solve a math problem. It moves to the right spot on the "paper", guided by the user, and inputs the answers that the user selects.
Today I am presenting the “The Virtual Pencil Story” by Henter Joyce. I have acquired the software and am currently working on it. I will in future issues give more details about this new software.
The traditional pencil is a problem for people that are blind, or people that can't grip it or move it, or those that are learning disabled. A pencil plays a key part in learning Math, and other equation-solving disciplines. Typically a student uses a pencil to "work through" a math problem, writing down the intermediate answers and using them to get the final answer. But if you can't operate a pencil then you can't write down the intermediate answers, which makes it very difficult to use them in acquiring the final answer, and does not leave anything on the paper to show that you actually worked through the problem and you know how to solve it.Ted was helping her junior high school daughter with her homework a few years ago. Ted could do the math in his head, but he could not show her how to do it. Ted is blind, and his the girl is sighted. It was a very frustrating experience for both of them. That is when Ted realized that the problem lies with the pencil, or his inability to operate it. Ted received his math education when he was sighted, and skipped the frustration that must impact every blind student. And their teachers and parents.Why not have a computer program that the student can control with the keyboard, or voice commands, that simulates the function of a pencil? A smart pencil that knows where to put the intermediate answers, where to put the final answers, and where to get the raw numbers that are used to get these answers?This idea was patented in 1997, and is now called the Virtual Pencil.Sample Session using the Virtual PencilA typical addition problem goes like this:We are adding two numbers together, three digits each. They appear on the computer screen one above the other, just like you would write it on a piece of paper. Before we get to the test mode, maybe a tutoring session would be helpful? When in Tutor Mode the VIRTUALPENCIL will guide the student through the appropriate steps, telling him where he is, moving to the next input area, what action needs to be taken, and checking the answers. Here is a problem using Tutor mode:User: "location"VIRTUALPENCIL: "summation row ones column" (the cursor is below the ones column, ready for the first intermediate answer)User: "Tutor" (asks for the tutor information, the numbers)VIRTUALPENCIL: "3+9"User: "2" (enters the 2 in the ones column)User: "Next" (moves to the next step, the carry area above the tens column)VIRTUALPENCIL: "carry area tens column"User: "1" (enters the 1 above the tens column)User: "Next" (goes to the next step)VIRTUALPENCIL: "summation row tens column" (speaks the location)User: "tutor" (asks for the numbers in the tens column)VIRTUALPENCIL: "1+4+8" (gives the carry digit first)User: "3" (enters the 3 in the tens column)User: "next"VIRTUALPENCIL: "carry area hundreds column""1" (enters the 1 above the hundreds column)User: "next"VIRTUALPENCIL: "summation row hundreds column"User: "tutor"VIRTUALPENCIL: "1+9+6"User: "6" (enters the 6 below the column)User: "next"VIRTUALPENCIL: "carry area thousands column"User: "1" (enters the 1 above the column)User: "next"VIRTUALPENCIL: "summation row thousands column"User: "tutor" (asks for the numbers in the column)VIRTUALPENCIL: "1+ blank + blank" (there were no digits in the thousands column, just the carry digit)User: "1" (enters the digit)User: "Answer" (asks for the answer which is now displayed in the summation row)VIRTUALPENCIL: "1632, Correct!"Since we are in Tutor mode the VIRTUALPENCIL will tell you if it is correct.Now lets try the same problem in Test mode. The student must know how and where to navigate the cursor, because the "next" command will not work in this mode. The "tutor" command doesn't work either, so the student must know where to find the numbers and how to read them. A screen reader is being used, so as the cursor is moved around the problem it is also speaking the numbers that appear on the screen.User: locationVIRTUALPENCIL: "summation row ones column" (the cursor is below the ones column, ready for the first intermediate answer)User: "page up", "down arrow", down arrow", "down arrow" (goes to the top of the column and reads down to hear each number)VIRTUALPENCIL: 3+9User: "2" (enters the 2 in the ones column)User: "Left" (moves left one column, to the tens column)User: "Page up" (moves to the carry area tens column)User: "1" (enters the 1 above the tens column)User: "down arrow", "down arrow", "down arrow" (reads down through the column)VIRTUALPENCIL: 1+4+8 (gives the carry digit first)User: "3" (enters the 3 below the tens column)User: "Left" (moves left one column, to the hundreds column)User: "Page up" (moves to the carry area)User: "1" (enters the 1 above the hundreds column)User: "down arrow", "down arrow", "down arrow" (reads down through the column)VIRTUALPENCIL: "1+9+6"User: "6" (enters the 6 in the hundreds column)User: "Left" (moves left to the thousands column)User: "Page up" (moves to the carry area)User: "1" (enters the 1 above the column)User: "down arrow", "down arrow", "down arrow" (reads down through the column)VIRTUALPENCIL: "1+ blank + blank" (there were no digits in the thousands column, just the carry digit)User: "1" (enters the digit)Answer (asks for the answer which is now displayed in the summation row)VIRTUALPENCIL: "1632" (We are in Test mode, so it does not tell you if you are right or wrong.)The commands used in this example, like "left", "page-up", and "down arrow" are keyboard commands. They can also be thought of as voice commands, using a third-party voice recognition module. The VIRTUALPENCIL's responses can be spoken out loud, displayed in Braille, and/or displayed visually on the screen. This is a "test mode" example, the student controlled the computer as if it were a pencil, he knew where to go, what data to ask for, and where to put the input. The student already knew how to operate the Virtual Pencil and how to solve the problem.The teacher can prepare the test, or homework assignment, and send it to the computer. When the assignment is finished the student can tell his computer to send it back. It can be emailed, printed, or handed in on diskette. In time we will have predefined sets of problems that coincide with popular text books, for homework exercises or tests. The student, or parent, can also make up their own practice problems.(This article contains matter extracted from the Henter Joyce web site).
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)
